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BANGKAPOS.COM – See photo above. You may not feel anything special with the view of the photo
However, under the rusty iron lid is the deepest artificial hole in the earth
Known as Kola Superdeep Borehole, one less hole 23 centimeters in diameter in Murmansk. This Russia reaches a depth of 12000 meters up to the earth's crust.
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The history of Kola Superdeep Borehole began in the 1960s when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in the Cold War and rivaled technology
.
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Although the race for space is more emphasized, the two countries are also competing to dig the deepest hole in the world.
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In the United States, the drilling project was carried out on the Pacific coast of Mexico under the name Project Mohole
. Worldwide, the US research team managed to penetrate the deep sea of 3600 meters and continued to drill up to 183 meters under the ocean floor.
This success proves that oil drilling in the oceans is possible.
Meanwhile, Soviet researchers who heard about the Mohole project in the United States did not want to lose.
from 1970 to 1994, they drilled on the Kola Peninsula located at the northern tip of Russia and created the world's deepest hole called Kola Superdeep Borehole.
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Of the hole, the Researchers have also studied interesting things on earth such as the lack of transition from granite to basalt. six kilometers below the surface of the earth
Previously, geologists who used seismic waves to badyze the earth's crust suspected a new type of rock at this depth
.
However, Kola project researchers found only more granite at depths of three to six kilometers
Apparently, the previously detected changes were not a change in rock type, but chemical alterations and mineral (metamorphic). More surprisingly, the researchers also found water in the wellbore Kola Superdeep
Unlike groundwater, the water comes from the hydrogen atoms and from the water. oxygen released by the granite because of the enormous pressure. (19459004)
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Bryan Nelson's Mother Nature Network May 31, 2014 reported, but the most notable finding of this project is a microbial plankton fossil of 2 billion years old on a rock located six kilometers away wah tanah.
These microfossils come from 24 ancient species wrapped in organic compounds and are able to survive under extreme pressure and temperature below the ground.
However, the last mystery revealed by Kola Superdeep Borehole researchers in 1994 became a highlight on the coffin of the project.
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As soon as the borehole reaches the third underground kilometer, the temperature changes sharply increase and at its most deep at 12 kilometers, the temperature reaches 180 degrees C.
The temperature exceeds the researchers' estimates and renders the drilling machine broken. Finally, the project was officially closed in 2005 and is now left the world's deepest hole is an unlabeled stainless steel plug.
(Shierine Wangsa Wibawa)
This article was published on Kompas.com under the title "Welcome to the Earth & # 39; s Hole"
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