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OF OUR SHIPMENT
BRUSSELS – After more than 10 hours of night marathon, the Twenty-eight announced an agreement on the future management of the migration file here in Brussels in the early hours of the morning. It has been decided in essence to divide the landings of migrants on a voluntary basis in the territory of the Community. The goal is to ease the pressures on countries of first acceptance, especially Italy. Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte welcomed the agreement. Although French President Macron states: "Reception centers must be made in countries of first entry". While the Hungarian government is pleased to have managed to avoid the compulsory redistribution of migrants
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The Twenty-eight decided "to explore the concept of landing platforms ", in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "These platforms will have to badess the situation of individuals, in full compliance with international law, and without creating a pull factor" for migrants who want to arrive in Europe. It is not specified whether the platforms must be in European territory or in third countries.
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In adopting the conclusions of a two-day summit that will conclude this morning with a discussion on the future of the euro area, the Twenty-Nights established that "in the territory of the Union, those who are saved by international law on the basis of a joint effort, the transfer to controlled centers established in the Member States, only on a voluntary basis where a quick and safe selection will be made between irregular migrants, returns and asylum ".
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Both the creation of centers and the selection and eventual reception of migrants will take place on a voluntary basis . In essence, the Twenty-eight decided to create around the Ellis Islands of the Mediterranean the places where migrants can land and where they will be taken care of. In fact, is called into question, at least on a voluntary basis, the Dublin Regulation ie the principle that the person responsible for asylum is the first landing country in the safest port.
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Arrived here in Brussels with the commitment to create a more community-based management of the migration crisis, Prime Minister Conte could be said this morning satisfied, without expressing triumphalism. "From today, Italy is no longer alone". And again: "A more responsible and more united Europe emerges from this European Council". "I'm satisfied.Of course, if I had written the text alone, I would have done it differently.But I was not alone.We were in 28". In the final document approved by the Ventotto "a new approach has been adopted concerning rescues at sea: we now plan actions based on sharing and therefore coordinated between Member States."
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The comment of the German Chancellor Angela Merkel is more cautious, in fact there has been no illusion about the voluntary participation of governments in this new project. "It's a good sign – said Mrs Merkel this morning at dawn here in Brussels – that after a long discussion, on a very controversial topic like immigration, we managed to We still have a long way to go to reduce the different points of view between us . "
Merkel herself arrived at the summit this week in grave political difficulties. Its Bavarian Christian social allies want to adopt an important repression and allow the expulsion of irregular migrants, that is to say the so-called secondary movements, those who came to Germany without authorization from other European countries In the conclusions of this morning, the Twenty-eight decided to work together to avoid secondary movements.
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The document negotiated during the night represents a turning point at the European level, but is an inevitable compromise, with many aspects to be clarified . It is clear that ships carrying migrants may dock in European ports other than Italian and possibly in third countries where migrants will be supported by European and international authorities. Many diplomats, however, point out that many political and legal problems must be solved
FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT
BRUSSELS – This is an agreement that the Twenty-eight found this night after more than 10 hours of diplomatic negotiations at the level of heads of state and government. Suffered, but not necessarily necessarily decisive. Upon reading the conclusions of the summit, it emerges how he is voluntary the action of national governments in the joint management of the arrival of migrants on the European shores of the Mediterranean. The game could be played on the wave of the emotion of public opinion.
The conclusions devoted to the controversial migratory question count 12 points . On four occasions, the diplomats who negotiated them specified voluntary cooperation .
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Landing Platforms
Essentially, there are two new aspects. The first is related to the creation of regional landing platforms as proposed in recent days by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It should be decided whether it should be done in third countries or in the territory of the Union.
The solution is clearly innovative and, if it is located in third countries, it should be possible to limit the arrival of migrants on Community territory. Italian requests but not only. It will not be easy to create these platforms . Who will host them? Who will manage them? What will be their duty? How will their extraterritorial enclave status be addressed? What will be the role of countries of origin, transit and destination?
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In the hope of many European landing platforms should be located in North Africa managed by European and international authorities, for the purpose of voluntary resettlement in the country. Union and possible returns to their homeland. Many countries have already refused – Tunisia, Libya, Albania. Uncompromising position or is it possible that they change their minds, perhaps with the promise of financial aid, as happened under the agreement with Turkey in March 2016?
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The opening of the ports
The second particularly interesting aspect of the agreement concluded here in Brussels is that of non-Italian or Greek open ports on their arrival. North Africa or the Near East. To the east of the boats loaded with migrants, to place in "controlled centers". From these centers, a selection would be made between economic migrants and asylum seekers. Here too, volunteering prevails: no obligation on the part of the countries to open these centers and to accommodate incoming ships.
Uncertainty also concerns the future of migrants. Those who arrive illegally on European territory would be returned (voluntarily, in the absence of a readmission agreement with the country of origin). But what would happen with those who have asylum rights? The conclusions do not specify whether they should be hosted in the country or whether they can be transferred to other Member States.
Moreover, the text of the agreement does not clearly state whether the transfer to of "controlled centers" should take place at the port of landing or if the landing must coincide with the location of the controlled center. In other words, to give an example, migrants arriving in Malta can be transferred to a controlled center in Spain or must be landed in that second country to be housed locally and subject to the procedure d & # 39; identification? For the moment, it is not clear.
Volunteering makes agreement, if not random, at least to check on the ground. That said, it's the first time since 2016 and the agreement with Turkey, a country that welcomes more than 3.5 million refugees en route to Europe, that Ventotto is trying a road radically new. From this point of view, Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte has reasons to be satisfied. Italy has torn from its partners a more communitarian migration policy, less linked to the responsibilities of the country of first arrival .
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Landing platforms, proposed in the conclusions, will not be easy to organize, politically or legally, in the meantime, from an Italian perspective, the redistribution of migrants remains between European states. As mentioned, the voluntary nature causes many fears of pull-and-spring among European governments. However, it must be presumed that pressure from public opinion before ships in desperate quest for a place will force countries to reach an agreement between them.
One last word on negotiation. There was interest in Berlin to have an agreement to ease tensions with Bavarian social Christians, engaged in anti-immigrant repression. Germany therefore insisted for an agreement on the possible opening of vessels to Mediterranean ports that are not Italians and Greeks . France and Spain have queued. The most rebellious countries with the idea of welcoming immigrants, those from the East, have given their approval because everything is voluntary.
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