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On Tuesday, the House approved the vote of confidence on the conversion into law of the "decree on security", a provision strongly desired by the Minister of the Interior, Matteo Salvini, which restricts the possibilities of welcoming foreigners and introduces a series of new security rules. The text, which will ultimately be approved with a final vote in the House in the coming days, is highly controversial and has also attracted criticism from several Senators and members of the 5-Star Movement majority.
Salvini, however, says the decree will improve citizen safety and make immigration management more efficient. Many others argue that it is unconstitutional, which will have counterproductive effects, will increase the number of foreigners who find themselves in situations of irregularities in our country and who will have effects contrary to those promised.
New rules of immigration
The decree brings together those who initially had to be two separate texts: the decree on security and the decree on immigration, united in one decree (the "decree on security" or the "decree Salvini" on which the trust was voted on Tuesday) to make it easier to approve and convert to law.
The part of the decree that gave rise to more discussion is the one on immigration, which is also the most important. The list of dispositions is very long (here you will find a summary made by international), but the rules are almost all in the same direction: it is more difficult for asylum seekers to stay in Italy, it is easier for them to withdraw their international protection status, especially if they are not allowed to stay in Italy. they have committed crimes and saved on the management of their presence in Italy even at the cost of the deterioration of their living conditions.
The main purpose of this decree is the cancellation of residence permits for humanitarian aid, one of the three forms of protection that can be granted to asylum seekers (together with political asylum and subsidiary protection properly itself). Humanitarian protection, as it was often called, lasted two years and provided access to work, social benefits and social housing. In its place, the decree introduces a series of special permits (social protection, health, natural disasters in the country of origin) of a maximum duration of one year.
The decree increases the maximum length of "detention" (that is, forced stay) of foreigners in repatriation residence centers (CPR) from 90 to 180 days. To speed up repatriations, the decree also provides for a moderate increase in funds: 3.5 million euros over three years. By calculating, according to estimates, a cost of repatriation of between 4,000 and 10,000 euros on average, these additional resources will allow at most 875 additional returns over a period of three years.
The list of crimes that result in the withdrawal of international protection (such as homicide or serious drug-related crimes) is then lengthened, which since the approval of the decree has also shifted to threats or threats. violence against a state agent, serious and very serious injuries, female bad mutilation, aggravated theft, theft at home and theft with ripping. In addition, the status of international protection is withdrawn if the refugee returns, even temporarily, to his country of origin.
Another part of the highly criticized decree is the one that weakens the SPRAR system, the generalized (as it is often called) reception run by the municipalities, which is used to provide asylum seekers with language and other integration. The system will be limited to those who have had their application for international protection accepted, but those who are still applicants will no longer be able to participate. The latter will then be transferred to ordinary reception centers, where they will wait for decisions on their questions without carrying out specific activities or lessons.
Finally, the possibility of revoking Italian citizenship for those considered to be a danger to the state is introduced. However, the Constitutional Court considers that citizenship is inviolable and this provision risks being considered unconstitutional.
The effects of the decree
The decree has been sharply criticized by lawyers, immigration experts and non-governmental organizations (the website Blue suitcase compiled a table of the main interventions). The critics focus on three aspects. The first is the accusation of unconstitutionality of the decree itself (which would not meet the requirements of homogeneity and urgency required by the whole decree-law) and some parts of it (the greatest risk seems to be the possibility of revocation of citizenship).
Other critics regarding the strong reduction of the SPRAR system in favor of the concentration of asylum seekers in grades offering only essential services (such as CARA) and that the mayor of Riace Mimmo Lucano called "new ghettos". Even ANCI President, the Mayor of Bari, Antonio Decaro, defined the rule as "a step backwards", while Claudia Lodesani, president of Doctors Without Borders, said that this part of the decree would make " integration almost impossible ".
The third point that is the subject of much criticism is the high risk that the decree multiplies the number of foreigners who find themselves irregularly in our country and therefore can not hold a regular job or benefit from social badistance. They are therefore encouraged to participate in activities. illegal. Many provisions of the decree are likely to contribute to the increase in irregularities, but the main one is the elimination of the humanitarian protection that, until now, had been attributed to about half of the applicants for Asylum who had received their request in a positive manner.
With the abolition of the humanitarian protection of #dlimmigrazioneby 2020 in Italy, we will have 60,000 new irregularities.
To add to the more than 70,000 new irregularities in the status quo scenario.
Total: 130,000 new irregularities in Italy.#DecretoSalvini pic.twitter.com/vSeQLeB9VE
– Villa Matteo (@emmevilla) September 24, 2018
According to estimates from the ISPI study center, the decree will produce only 60,000 additional illegal residents by 2020, out of the approximately 600,000 already present in Italy, an increase of 10%.
New security regulations
The decree also provides for the introduction of a series of new security rules that are more or less in the sense of strengthening the powers of mayors, prefects and quaestors in terms of urban decorum and order protection. public. For example, the broad decree called "urban DASPO", which allows the mayor and the prefect to punish and hunt certain areas of the city people who endanger the health of citizens or urban decorum. The decree adds to market accessible areas and includes "international terrorism suspects" in the DASPO list.
The decree then introduces the crime of "roadblock" (that of people blocking a road or railroad, for example), which had been degraded in the past as an administrative offense, while the penalties are increased. The badet management agency seized from organized crime is also reorganized. The sale of buildings and businesses is also open to individuals (a decision much criticized by anti-mafia badociations that would facilitate the redemption of badets seized by the mafia).
In an attempt to prevent attacks using commercial vehicles, such as vans, the decree stipulates that charterers must have data from those who decide to rent one of these vehicles with "adequate advance" to the police authorities, who will provide : carry out checks on his identity (in the hope that the suspected terrorist has rented the van using the generalities with which he is known to the police). Finally, the experimentation of electric shock guns (commonly known as "Taser") also extends to municipal police forces in cities of at least 100,000 inhabitants.
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