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that of NASA The Juno spacecraft “listens” to radio broadcasts from Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io, allowing researchers to find out what sets off the strange radio waves.
Of all the planets in our solar system, Jupiter has the largest and most powerful magnetic field, which stretches so far that some of the planet’s moons rotate within it. Because Io is closest to the planet, the moon is “caught in a gravitational tug-of-war” between Jupiter and two other large moons, according to NASA. These opposing pulls cause massive internal heat, which has led to hundreds of volcanic eruptions on the moon’s surface.
Volcanoes release 1 ton of gas and particles per second into space, NASA said in a statement. Some of this material divides into electrically charged ions and electrons which then fall on Jupiter through the planet’s magnetic field. The electrons captured in the magnetic field are accelerated towards the poles of Jupiter and, along the way, generate a phenomenon that scientists call HF radio waves (also known as HF radio emissions, or DAM).
Related: Amazing photos: the volcanic moon Io of Jupiter
When the spacecraft is in the right place to listen, Juno’s Waves instrument can pick up those radio waves, Yasmina Martos of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center said in the statement. The researchers used Juno’s data to determine where the radio emissions are coming from in Jupiter’s massive magnetic field. The data sheds light on the behavior of the huge magnetic fields created by gas giants.
According to the research team, the radio waves come from space that can be described as a hollow cone, where the conditions are right: the right magnetic field strength and the right electron density. The signal spins like a beacon and Juno only picks it up when “light” shines on the spacecraft, according to the NASA statement.
Radio data also showed that the electrons that create these radio waves emit a massive amount of energy, 23 times more than the researchers expected. These electrons can also come from other sources, such as the planet’s magnetic field or a solar wind, according to the research team.
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