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NASA and other countries are developing plans for & nbsp; protect the Earth from asteroids.
Getty
What would we do if we knew that an asteroid was on a collision course with Earth? This is the question that will be asked next week as NASA, the European Space Agency and others prepare for the possibility of a future impact on an object near the Earth (NEO).
No immediate threat
Although there is no immediate threat, the & nbsp;International Academy of Astronautics & nbsp;2019 Global Defense Conference& nbsp; next week at the University of Maryland Hotel & nbsp;will include an "asteroid impact exercise" presenting a realistic but fictitious scenario in which an asteroid is on an impact trajectory with the Earth. The scenario was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.& nbsp;NEO Studies Center& nbsp;(CNEOS).
NASA& nbsp; Administrator Jim Bridenstine will deliver the keynote address while Bill Nye, President and CEO of The Planetary Society, will participate in a panel discussion on Earth's defense against asteroids. & nbsp; It will be broadcast live on Wednesday, May 1, 2019. right here. & nbsp; & nbsp;
Impact craters such as Manicouagan in Quebec, Canada, are rare, but NASA, other US agencies and international partners are coming together to simulate impact scenarios and discuss the best course of action for disaster mitigation.
NASA / International Space Station
What is an object close to the Earth?
An NEO is defined as any object, asteroid or comet, which gravitates around the Sun and approaches within 50 million kilometers of Earth's orbit. Exercise is part of the National strategy and action plan for the preparation of objects near the Earth Astronomers estimate that there are about 1,000 asteroids close to Earth more than one kilometer wide. If any of these hit the Earth, no preparation would be useful, but there are many small asteroids on which science could potentially act before hitting.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will send NASA's DART mission into space in 2021 (Joel Kowsky / NASA via AP)
ASSOCIATED PRESS
What is the scenario?
Astronomers "discover" a NEO called 2019 PDC potentially dangerous for Earth, follow it for a few months and decide that it has 1 in 100 chance of impacting the Earth in 2027. Among NEO observers , 1 in 100 is the magic number. and means that it's time to take the super serious threat. After all, the future of humanity could be at stake.
The diagram of the DART mission shows the impact on the moon of the asteroid (65803) Didymos. Post-impact observations made by Earth-based optical telescopes and the planetary radar would in turn measure the change in the moon's orbit on the parent body.
NASA
"Simulated emergency"
The simulated emergency exercise will include NASA's Global Defense Coordination Office (PDCO), the Space Situational Awareness Segment of the European Space Agency and the International Asteroid Warning Network ( IAWN). "These exercises have really helped us in the global defense community understand what our disaster management colleagues need to know," said Lindley Johnson, NASA's Global Defense Officer.
This is actually the sixth NEO impact exercise NASA took part in, and what it has learned so far is that & nbsp; Few agencies in the field are interested in the technical details of the asteroid. "What emergency managers want to know, is when, where and how an asteroid would impact, as well as the type and extent of damage that could occur," Leviticus Lewis of the Division said. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) response operations.
ESA's Hera mission concept, currently under study, would be humanity's first mission on a binary asteroid: the Didymos, 780 m in diameter, is accompanied by a secondary body 160 m in diameter.
ESA – ScienceOffice.org
How & nbsp; could it & nbsp; to face a NEO linked to the Earth?
With regard to potential NEO collisions, there is a lot of international collaboration on "asteroid reduction". Evaluation of the impact and bending of asteroids (AIDA), and it will be more fun than it looks. Destroy an asteroid, or rather one of its moons, then study it to see if it has changed course.
How to deflect an asteroid
Scheduled for launch in June 2021, NASA's DART mission will be the first mission to redirect spacecraft impact asteroids. C & # 39; was announced earlier this month that NASA had assigned $ 69 million to SpaceX fire one of his Falcon 9 rockets in the direction of the 65803 Didymos asteroid (or "Didymain") and his tiny satellite "Didymoon." & nbsp; A binary asteroid, it will pass near the Earth in October 2022 (although it poses no threat), and it is hoped that at this time, the DART satellite will be ready to sink into Didymoon and change slightly from heading using a technique called "kinetic deflection." The 500 kg DART will strike the asteroid's moon at about 6 km / s and hopefully change its orbit velocity by 0.4 mm / s , which will slightly change the trajectory of Didymos.
Is asteroid redirection plausible?
Will DART work? The European Space Agency's "Hera" follow-up mission, which is actually a spaceship rendezvous with an asteroid, will tell us if an impactor works. He will monitor the asteroid Didymos and his moon using an "asteroid-framed camera", lasers, a star follower, a thermal infrared camera and accelerometers to determine if the DART "asteroid redirection" worked or did not work. It will be located less than 200 meters from the moon and will study the crater left by DART.
With the help of his laser altimeter, Hera analyzes the surface of Didymoon. ESA's Hera mission concept, currently under study, would be humanity's first mission on a binary asteroid: the Didymos, 780 m in diameter, is accompanied by a secondary body 160 m in diameter.
ESA – ScienceOffice.org
However, this will not be a quick result, because ESA's Hera mission will only be launched in October 2023 and will only reach Didymos in 2026. After that, we hope to be able to know the reaction of asteroids after being crushed. and if they change course.
Then we may be ready to deal with & nbsp; if we get a notice from & nbsp; "great".
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NASA and other countries are developing elaborate plans to protect the Earth from asteroids.
Getty
What would we do if we knew that an asteroid was on a collision course with Earth? This is the question that will be asked next week as NASA, the European Space Agency and others prepare for the possibility of a future impact on an object near the Earth (NEO).
No immediate threat
Although there is no immediate threat, the International Academy of Astronautics » 2019 Global Defense Conference next week at the hotel at the University of Maryland will include an "asteroid impact exercise" presenting a realistic but fictitious scenario in which an asteroid is on an impact trajectory with the Earth. The scenario was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NEO Studies Center (CNEOS).
NASA Trustee Jim Bridenstine will deliver the keynote address while Bill Nye, Executive Director of The Planetary Society, will participate in a panel discussion on Earth's defense against asteroids. This will be broadcast live on Wednesday, May 1, 2019 here.
Impact craters such as Manicouagan in Quebec, Canada, are rare, but NASA, other US agencies and international partners are coming together to simulate impact scenarios and discuss the best course of action for disaster mitigation.
NASA / International Space Station
What is an object close to the Earth?
An NEO is defined as any object, asteroid or comet, which gravitates around the Sun and approaches within 50 million kilometers of Earth's orbit. The exercise is part of the National Strategy and Action Plan for Preparing for Near-Earth Objects, published by the White House in June 2018. Astronomers estimate that there are approximately 1,000 asteroids close to the Earth of a size greater than one kilometer. If any of these hit the Earth, no preparation would be useful, but there are many small asteroids on which science could potentially act before hitting.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will send NASA's DART mission into space in 2021 (Joel Kowsky / NASA via AP)
ASSOCIATED PRESS
What is the scenario?
Astronomers "discover" a NEO called 2019 PDC potentially dangerous for Earth, follow it for a few months and decide that it has 1 in 100 chance of impacting the Earth in 2027. Among NEO observers , 1 in 100 is the magic number. and means that it's time to take the super serious threat. After all, the future of humanity could be at stake.
The diagram of the DART mission shows the impact on the moon of the asteroid (65803) Didymos. Post-impact observations made by Earth-based optical telescopes and the planetary radar would in turn measure the change in the moon's orbit on the parent body.
NASA
"Simulated emergency"
The simulated emergency exercise will include NASA's Global Defense Coordination Office (PDCO), the Space Situational Awareness Segment of the European Space Agency and the International Asteroid Warning Network ( IAWN). "These exercises have really helped us in the global defense community understand what our disaster management colleagues need to know," said Lindley Johnson, NASA's Global Defense Officer.
This is actually the sixth Geocentric Object Impact Exercise in which NASA participated. What she has learned so far is that few agencies in the field are interested in the technical details of the asteroid. "What emergency managers want to know, is when, where and how an asteroid would impact, as well as the type and extent of damage that could occur," Leviticus Lewis of the Division said. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) response operations.
ESA's Hera mission concept, currently under study, would be humanity's first mission on a binary asteroid: the Didymos, 780 m in diameter, is accompanied by a secondary body 160 m in diameter.
ESA – ScienceOffice.org
How to manage a NEO linked to the Earth?
With regard to potential NEO strikes, there are many international collaborations in the field of "asteroid reduction". The app is evaluating the impact and deformation of asteroids (AIDA) and it will be more fun than it seems. Destroy an asteroid, or rather one of its moons, then study it to see if it has changed course.
How to deflect an asteroid
Scheduled for launch in June 2021, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will be the first mission to redirect spacecraft impact asteroids. It was announced earlier this month that NASA had awarded $ 69 million to SpaceX for firing one of its Falcon 9 rockets in the direction of the 65803 Didymos asteroid (or "Didymain") ) and his tiny satellite "Didymoon". Binary asteroid, it will pass close to Earth in October 2022 (although it poses no threat), and it is hoped that at that time, the DART probe will be ready to enter Didymoon and slightly change its trajectory in using a technique called "kinetic deviation". . "The 500 kg DART will hit the asteroid moon at about 6 km / s and hopefully will change its orbiting velocity by 0.4 mm / s, which will slightly alter the trajectory of Didymos.
Is asteroid redirection plausible?
Will DART work? The European Space Agency's "Hera" follow-up mission, which is actually a spaceship rendezvous with an asteroid, will tell us if an impactor works. He will monitor the asteroid Didymos and his moon using an "asteroid-framed camera", lasers, a star follower, a thermal infrared camera and accelerometers to determine if the DART "asteroid redirection" worked or did not work. It will be located less than 200 meters from the moon and will study the crater left by DART.
With the help of his laser altimeter, Hera analyzes the surface of Didymoon. ESA's Hera mission concept, currently under study, would be humanity's first mission on a binary asteroid: the Didymos, 780 m in diameter, is accompanied by a secondary body 160 m in diameter.
ESA – ScienceOffice.org
However, this will not be a quick result, because ESA's Hera mission will only be launched in October 2023 and will only reach Didymos in 2026. After that, we hope to be able to know the reaction of asteroids after being crushed. and if they change course.
Then we might be ready to get by if we had been warned of the "big problem".