Disturbed day and night rhythm increases risk of type 2 diabetes

A reversal of the daily and nocturnal rhythm, for example by shift work, causes a disturbance of the glycemic equilibrium." Scientists at the University of Maastricht have made it for the first time In their research, a disturbance of the body clock results in lower sensitivity to insulin, an important indication for the development of type 2 diabetes. The results of the Maastricht research team, led by Professor Patrick Schrauwen, are July 10 published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Today Today, people are everywhere and always online, so they are activated throughout the day, and people travel a lot more often than in the past. people sleep less well, there is also disruption of eating habits, obesity and the likelihood of developing cancer has already been linked to the growing violation of a natural sleep-wake cycle. Research conducted by Maastricht scientists has shown that a disturbed rhythm of the day and night also plays a vital role in reducing insulin sensitivity. The reduced sensitivity to insulin is an important indication for the development of type 2 diabetes.

Respiratory chambers
For their research, scientists have locked up 14 subjects every 3 consecutive days in the 5 special chambers of Breath of the University of Maastricht. In these climatic chambers the subjects could not have contact with the outside world, there was no indication of the time, only artificial light and Netflix were available. They were served food and drinks through an airlock. After the first "normal" night, the researchers arranged to reverse the daytime and nighttime rhythm in the middle of the afternoon by letting the subjects sleep for a few hours after lunch. In the evening, they were then woken up for breakfast and followed a new full day. In the morning, then, dinner followed. This inverted day / night was then repeated again, after which various measurements took place. Using glucose forceps and stable isotopes, the researchers were able to accurately measure the insulin sensitivity of the liver and muscles. Examining the muscle biopsies in the subjects, we then studied the processes that were exactly affected in the muscle.

Biological clock
Measurements from Maastricht scientists showed that the insulin sensitivity in the muscles of the 14 subjects after remaining in the breathing rooms was significantly lower. The researchers also discovered that the biological clock had not adapted to the new schedule; in muscle, they clearly found that the molecular biological clock was still functioning in the olden days. This probably explains why the muscle also becomes less sensitive to insulin. And this could be another explanation for the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in people who work in shifts. Further research should show whether the disturbance of the daytime and nocturnal rhythm actually leads to type 2 diabetes.

Source: Universiteit Maastricht, 10/07/18

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