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Industry Minister Torbjørn Røe Isaksen announced on Friday that he wanted a referendum on whether Norway should continue to spend the summer and the summer. Winter time. In the EU, citizens have already voted and 84% would cancel the chronological order.
Therefore, the European Commission has proposed that the Member States, from 1 April 2019, may choose whether or not to set the clock. If Norway chooses to introduce summer time all year round, we will set it by 31 March 2019 at the latest. If we choose the winter time, the normal time is set no later than October 27th of next year.
Introduced to save energy
Many countries introduced daylight saving time during the First World War to save energy. In English, we therefore call it "summer time". Energy savings have also been the main argument invoked by the EU following the 1973 oil crisis.
day light
"Winter time" = normal time
Summer time is from noon. 0200 last sunday of march at kl. 0300 last Sunday of October.
When the summer time starts, the time is set to one hour before compared to the rest of the year.
In the 1970s, European countries applied different rules when summer time began and ended. This naturally created problems. In order to "create order in the EU internal market", the EU has introduced standardized summer time in the EU countries, including Norway.
The European Commission conducted a survey of EU citizens in the summer of 2018. 4.6 million blacks. Of these, 84% wanted to delete the summer time. It was also the recommendation of the European Commission.
Norway has periodically been in the summer since 1916 and is set since 1980. Svalbard and Jan Mayen have never had summer.
Iceland has not been over the summer since 1967. In 2016, Turkey has gone on to keep the summer time all year round.
Sources: Legal data, timeanddate.no, Wikipedia
But is there still the power to save on keeping the summer time? This has led a number of countries to try to find out, with different results.
In 2016, the technical evaluation committee of the German Bundestag reviewed all available research in the field. They found that the effect on energy consumption varied from -0.9 to 1% in different countries. For Germany, the first hour of summer allows a saving of 0.8%.
Although there was little effect on heating (+ 0.2%), the effects were greater on the use of air conditioning. Some countries have found a negative effect of up to 9%.
Much to save in Italy
The Italian company Terna Group estimated that in 2013, Italy had saved 544 gigawatts of summer time. This corresponds to the consumption of 180,000 Italian families and amounted to 90 million euros. In 2011, the Terna group estimated that electricity savings due to daylight saving time reduce more than 300,000 tonnes of CO2 per year in Italy.
A study conducted in southern Norway and southern Sweden in 2011 showed that both regions saved 519 and 882 GWh respectively in the late hour. In crowns and crowns, this represented respectively 16 and 30 million euros (Mirza and Bergland, 2011).
The European Commission evaluated the issue in 2007 and 2014. The conclusion was that the energy savings were relatively low, about 0.5% of the total electricity consumption of the country.
Replacement bulbs have changed the effect of the summer time
Daylight saving time has less effect than before for several reasons:
- Since incandescent bulbs have been replaced by energy saving light bulbs throughout the European Union, lighting is no longer a major energetic factor.
- In the past, some sectors of the industry depended on daylight and were therefore closed at night. That's how it is not anymore.
- The lighting savings were offset by the increased warming of homes in the morning.
- Although energy use has decreased in some surveys, the environmental benefits have been offset by increased automobile traffic. The test also increased when people had one hour of free time in broad daylight.
Research however indicates that there is still some correlation between summer time and ozone, NOx and dust emissions.
May have the benefit of spreading consumption habits
Because the summer time was justified by energy savings, the European Commission asked Energy sector on how the summer time is affecting the energy industry today. But the response rate was low and the answers broken. However, most respondents said that the summer time had little impact.
Norwegian electricity market players also do not believe in a major change, whether or not Norway decides to keep summer – or winter – all year round. Neither Statnett nor Statkraft have any analysis on this, but both claim to believe that the effects are marginal.
– What happens if Norway and the countries with which we exchange energy no longer follow the same time and we have a time difference compared to Germany or two hours compared in England? Would it be an advantage to spread the consumption more?
"This is really an interesting point – it can potentially have value, for example between Norway and Sweden, but from the EU perspective, it is more important that there is a difference between France and , Germany and the United Kingdom between the Nordic countries and Germany, or the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom, "said Knut Fjerdingstad, spokesman for Statkraft.
Already manage time differences
Nordpool, which organizes the electricity trading market, also does not believe that this will have major consequences if there are time differences between Norway and trading partners.
"Norway is part of a common European electricity market and Nord Pool is now present in 13 different markets, including the UK, the Nordic countries, the Baltic States and the United States. In Germany, for example, different time zones are already a reality in the European electricity market, writes Stina Johansen in Nordpool.
She says that the consumption pattern is quite similar in Norway and in the countries with which we exchange energy.
"It is clear that in extreme situations it may be wise to spread spending spikes over time, but we do not see that the summer time will allow to get from very great results under normal conditions, "says Johansen.
She added that from a technical point of view, the fact that countries succeed each other is an advantage for the development, operation and cost of commercial systems.
Norwegian industry: Norway has to follow the countries of the EU
This is also what says Knut E. Sunde, director of Norsk Industri, who took note of the referendum proposal of the Minister of Industry.
"I can not imagine that Norway will end anything other than the EU.There is a logic in the time zones in Europe and there are only problems if we have to deviate from them. So if the EU lands and you stop trading twice a year, we have to do the same, there will soon be a lot of misunderstanding with the agreements if we have a different period in the semester, especially in the period that immediately follows the changes. "Sunde writes in an email to Technical Weekly that there are limits to own justice when it becomes cluttered.
In the survey of the European Commission, an anonymous actor bImportant administrative issues for gas suppliers: one day a year is 25 hours and another one is 23 hours only. The supplier must perform new calculations and reserve storage space and capacity in the pipeline of a transport operator. If you calculate the calculations and spend more time than expected, the supplier will be fined.
Solar energy can change the image
In the 2016 German survey, for the first time, it was also possible to calculate the impact of summer time on household producers and sellers of electricity to from solar systems. It was found that the summer time increased the energy consumption of solar production by about 5%, which improves the economy of private solar systems.
PS: Neither the European Commission nor the German evaluation committee have any significant effects on health, mental health, tourism or road safety. However, research suggests that the late hour, and therefore more daylight in the afternoons and evenings, can have a positive effect on crime such as theft, rape and murder. However, the Commission stresses that research is insufficient in all these areas.
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