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UK doctors preparing to perform a kidney transplant on a girl noticed that the organ they were preparing to use had an unusual abnormality: five renal arteries.
Most of the time, the kidney has a renal artery – which provides blood to the kidney – although it is common to have two in some cases.
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Renal arteries are formed from mesonephric arteries when a baby is developing in the uterus. Sometimes, if multiple mesonephric arteries are present, multiple renal arteries can form, say doctors from Manchester, England, in a report published Thursday in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
But three or more in a single kidney are much rarer – and can present complexities during a transplant.
The kidney had five renal arteries, which, according to doctors, is unusual.
(New England Journal of Medicine © 2019)
"The kidneys with multiple arteries are more difficult to graft technically and are associated with an increased risk of vascular complications," they wrote, noting that this was especially true for children, who had smaller blood vessels than the adults.
As a result, the 9-year-old girl – who was suffering from a dysplastic kidney (when the organ does not form properly in the uterus) and from chronic kidney disease – was unable to undergo the transplant.
Instead, the rare kidney – from a deceased donor – was given to a 35-year-old man who, three years after the operation, was "clinically healthy," doctors wrote. .
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As for the girl, she also received a kidney about 18 months after her initial intention to undergo a transplant.
"At the two-year follow-up, she was also doing well clinically," the doctors said.
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