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Three scientists who have launched an AI revolution by studying the learning capabilities of large artificial neural networks have been awarded the most prestigious distinction in computer science: the Turing Prize.
For decades, Geoffrey Hinton, Yann LeCun, and Yoshua Bengio persevered with neural networks while the rest of the AI community viewed them as a dead end, preferring to focus on symbolic approaches (coded logic rules by hand rather than learned).
Great breakthrough: In 2012, these deep neural networks proved surprisingly good for image recognition. The key was to provide them with huge amounts of training data and run them on powerful graphical processing chips, well suited to the parallelized calculations required.
Network effects: In-depth learning is now almost everywhere. It is used to process images on Facebook, target ads on Google and help autonomous cars to perceive the world around them. Non-technological companies seeking to improve their efficiency are also rapidly adopting technology.
Big guns: When the power of deep learning became apparent, Hinton and LeCun were quickly recruited by Google and Facebook. And the rise of technology is promising breakthroughs in AI that long seemed to be science fiction. LeCun, for example, has led an effort within Facebook to develop not only powerful image and video recognition capabilities, but also more powerful personal assistants.
Increasing risks: The rise of in-depth learning, and artificial intelligence in general, has occurred so quickly that many, including Hinton, LeCun, and Bengio, have sometimes wondered if things are moving too much quick. In-depth learning has, for example, the recognition of supercharged faces and other forms of monitoring. Technology has also strengthened the power in the hands of these companies with a lot of data and calculation.
Turing test: The moment is sweet for the trio. For Hinton, this also reflects a fundamental truth about artificial intelligence that goes back to the man who speculated for the first time about intelligent machines. "A person who firmly believed that learning was the foundation of intelligence was Turing," he told MIT Technology Review.
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