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Psychological disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder often occur in families.
In a new global collaboration, researchers examined the genetic links between these disorders and other brain disorders on a scale that goes beyond previous work on the same topic. The team reported that mental disorders share many variables, while neurological disorders (such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease) seem to be more different.
This research was revealed the week before in the journal Science, which is more broadly interested in how genetic differences may be related to brain disorders. The results showed that mental disorders have many important similarities at the molecular level, which are not demonstrated by current diagnostic criteria.
This study was co-authored by Neil, director of population genetics at the Stanley Institute of the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Aiden Corvin, professor at Trinity University in Dublin, with the first writer Vernieri Antilla.
Neal says, "This research has reshaped the way we look at these disorders." If we can show the genetic effect and patterns of interference between different disorders, we will be able to better understand the the causes of these cases, we can know the appropriate mechanism to treat them. "
The discovery of biological communication is a challenge. The brain is elusive and can not be studied directly, and because brain disorders are associated with other things, it is difficult to know which organs affect the other.
To examine the biological interaction between these disorders, researchers need to rely on genetics. As for the present study, international associations have collected data in order to study genetic models of psychiatric and neurological diseases. Because each genetic variable contributes a small amount to the development of a disorder, research requires a huge volume of samples to separate signals that are reliable from those that do not.
The researchers investigated the extent of genetic interference between different disorders using the GWAS study of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control groups. They also examined the relationship between brain disorders and 17 physical and cognitive measures, such as years of learning, between 1,191,585 people. The database contained all the common brain disorders that scientists could identify with sufficient samples. "It was an unprecedented effort to share data from hundreds of researchers around the world to develop our understanding of the brain," Antilla says.
The results showed extensive genetic interference in various mental disorders, particularly between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, acute depressive disorder and schizophrenia. The results also showed an association between neuropsychiatric disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as between neurosurgery and Tourette's syndrome.
Conversely, neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis appeared to be different and of other mental disorders, with the exception of siblings genetically associated with the deficiency disorder. attention with hyperactivity, acute depression and Tourette's syndrome.
According to the researchers, the high degree of genetic association between mental disorders shows that current clinical groups do not accurately reflect basic biology. "The tradition of drawing these sharp lines when the patient is diagnosed is often not the reality," says Neal. "Mechanisms in the brain can cause symptoms."
For example, an organized mechanism of concentration may be responsible for a lack of concentration in attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and the lack of executive functions in schizophrenia. Discovering more genetic connections like this can help discover new inherited clinical models and inform new developments in treatment and choice for patients.
Moreover, according to cognitive standards, researchers were surprised to learn that genetic factors that exposed people to certain mental disorders, particularly anorexia, autism, the disorder bipolar and obsessive compulsive disorder, were closely associated with higher cognitive norms in the child. Senna is more in school and university education. Neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease and stroke, were negatively associated with the same cognitive measures.
"We were surprised because the genetic factors of certain neurodegenerative disorders, naturally associated with the elderly, were negatively associated with genetic factors affecting early cognitive measures.It is also surprising that the genetic factors associated with many mental disorders were positively correlated with academic achievement.We will need more research and more samples to understand this communication. "
The Assembly facilitated access to its data on the Internet by downloading freely or using applications. Researchers will study other features and other genetic variants to discover these more models, aimed at discovering the responsible mechanism and the possible link between these disorders.
- Translation: Bayonet of Sinan
- Proofreading: Ahlam Morshed
- Editing: Ahmed Azab
- Source
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