Scientists create coldest temperature EVER recorded in a lab

by



[ad_1]

Baby it’s cold INSIDE! Scientists create coldest temperature EVER recorded in a lab – reaching 38 trillion degrees above absolute zero

  • Scientists researched the wave properties of atoms in the laboratory
  • They managed to manipulate the atoms to the point where they were practically static
  • The slower the particles in atoms move, the cooler the temperature
  • Bring them to a virtual stop authorized for conditions close to absolute zero
  • For a few seconds, these particles were so still that the temperature dropped to 38 picokelvins (pK), or 38 trillionth of a degree above absolute zero.

By Ryan Morrison For Mailonline

Posted: | Update:










Scientists created the coldest conditions on record, reaching just 38 trillion degrees above absolute zero.

By researching the wave properties of atoms, experts from the University of Bremen produced one of the “coldest places in the universe” for a few seconds in the lab.

Absolute zero – zero Kelvin, or -459.67 ° F – is the point at which atoms have no energy and do not move, and it is the coldest temperature that is theoretically possible to to reach.

To get as close to that point as possible, the team manipulated a cloud of atoms to a point where it was at a “virtual stop”.

For a few seconds, these particles were so still that the temperature dropped to 38 picokelvins (pK), or 38 trillionth of a degree above absolute zero.

The team says this could have important ramifications for our understanding of quantum mechanics, because the cooler the temperature, the more particular matter acts.

Absolute zero is the coldest temperature that it is theoretically possible to reach, based on the laws of thermodynamics. It is zero Kelvin, or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit

Absolute zero is the coldest temperature that it is theoretically possible to reach, based on the laws of thermodynamics. It is zero Kelvin, or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE: THE FIFTH FORM OF MATTER

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is known as the fifth state of matter, after solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

It forms at a fraction above absolute zero and only in atoms that act like bosons, one of the two basic types of particles.

When bosonic atoms are cooled to form a condensate, they can lose their individuality.

They behave like a large collective superatom, much like the way photons become indistinguishable in a laser beam.

The first BEC was shown experimentally almost 25 years ago by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder in the United States.

Source: PNAS

To achieve the remarkably low temperature, the German team developed a process that lowers the temperature of a system by slowing the particles down until they almost come to a stop.

This is such a low temperature that no thermometer can detect it, so they base the measurement on the absence of kinetic motion of the observed particles.

The mechanism used to detect temperature is known as “Matter-wave lens system in the time domain” and can see matter behaving like a wave.

To study these waves, the team used a magnetic lens that allowed them to shape a quantum gas and use it to create a focused wave of matter that they could control and make sure it behaves. a specific way.

Unlike regular gas, which is a loose arrangement of particles, quantum gas is much less predictable, also known as Bose-Einstein condensate.

“By combining an excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a magnetic lens, we form a material wave lens system in the time domain,” the researchers wrote.

“Focus is regulated by the strength of the lens potential. By placing the focus at infinity, we lower the total internal kinetic energy of a BEC to 38 pK. ‘

The BEC is generated in a magnetic trap, after which the trap is turned off, and the gas initially expands in all three spatial directions.

A magnetic lens may have slowed this expansion and collimated the wave of matter in the past, but it only worked in two directions.

Scientists have created the coldest conditions on record, reaching just 38,000 billionths of a degree warmer than absolute zero, which is the coldest possible temperature

Scientists have created the coldest conditions on record, reaching just 38,000 billionths of a degree warmer than absolute zero, which is the coldest possible temperature

However, this is the first time that researchers have also managed to stop the expansion in the third direction.

The researchers say future experiments could make the particles even slower and last up to 17 seconds at this point, allowing for more detailed study.

The results were published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

ABSOLUTE ZERO: THE COLDEST POSSIBLE

Absolute zero – or 0 Kelvin – is the coldest theoretical temperature it is possible to reach, a point where atoms stop moving and have no more energy.

It is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled gas reach their minimum value.

Fundamental particles in nature have minimal motion and vibration at this temperature point and only retain particle motion induced by quantum mechanical energy, which creates unusual behaviors and conditions.

It is measured in Kelvin, with absolute zero being 0 Kelvin, or -273.15 degrees on the Celsius scale and -459.67 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

Thus, the boiling point of water at sea level on Earth is 373.2 Kelvin (K).

Scientists have reached temperatures close to absolute zero, in part thanks to the creation of unusual states of matter such as Bose-Einstein condensate, superconductivity and superfluidity.



[ad_2]

Source link