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A new study has revealed that the International Space Station is full of bacteria and fungi that can cause disease and form biofilms that promote antibiotic resistance, or even corrode the spacecraft.
The station, built in 1998 and orbiting about 250 km from Earth, was visited by more than 222 astronauts and six replenishment missions per year until August 2017.
NASA scientists have discovered that microbes come mainly from humans and resemble those found in public buildings and offices around the world.
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The study – the first to provide a comprehensive catalog of bacteria and fungi that lurk on interior surfaces in confined space systems – was published in the newspaper microbiome.
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Space X Dragon leaves the International Space Station and heads to Earth
AP
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Space X Dragon breaks away from the International Space Station
NASA
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SpaceX Crew Dragon is represented about 20 meters (66 feet) from the International Space Station
Nasa / AP
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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the space probe Crew Dragon, takes off on March 2, 2019
Reuters
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Astronauts aboard the space station are preparing to open the hatchet to the SpaceX Dragon capsule wearing a manikin after docking at the space station.
Nasa TV / EPA
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A dummy (left) named Ripley aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft aboard after opening the hatch during the Demo-1 mission
Nasa TV / AP
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The SpaceX team is watching the SpaceX Crew Dragon docking at the International Space Station
Nasa / AP
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The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket docked at the International Space Station during the Demo-1 mission
Nasa / AFP / Getty
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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the spaceship Crew Dragon
Reuters
10/15
Astronaut David Saint-Jacques takes a look at the inside of SpaceX Dragon capsule carrying an instrumented manikin
Nasa TV / EPA
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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the spaceship Crew Dragon, takes off for an unarmed flight test
Reuters
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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the space probe Crew Dragon, takes off for a non-armed flight test
Reuters
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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with a demo spaceship Crew Dragon in unarmed flight test
AP
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The new spacex crew capsule is approaching just before berthing
Nasa TV / AP
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Astronaut Eric Boe, assistant to the head of the astronaut office responsible for the commercial crew, left, and Norm Knight, deputy director of flight operations at NASA's Johnson Space Center, are watching the launch of the flight. a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft from the company.
Nasa / AP
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Space X Dragon leaves the International Space Station and heads to Earth
AP
2/15
Space X Dragon breaks away from the International Space Station
NASA
3/15
SpaceX Crew Dragon is represented about 20 meters (66 feet) from the International Space Station
Nasa / AP
4/15
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the space probe Crew Dragon, takes off on March 2, 2019
Reuters
5/15
Astronauts aboard the space station are preparing to open the hatchet to the SpaceX Dragon capsule wearing a manikin after docking at the space station.
Nasa TV / EPA
6/15
A dummy (left) named Ripley aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft aboard after opening the hatch during the Demo-1 mission
Nasa TV / AP
7/15
The SpaceX team is watching the SpaceX Crew Dragon docking at the International Space Station
Nasa / AP
8/15
The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket docked at the International Space Station during the Demo-1 mission
Nasa / AFP / Getty
9/15
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the spaceship Crew Dragon
Reuters
10/15
Astronaut David Saint-Jacques takes a look at the inside of SpaceX Dragon capsule carrying an instrumented manikin
Nasa TV / EPA
11/15
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the spaceship Crew Dragon, takes off for an unarmed flight test
Reuters
12/15
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, carrying the space probe Crew Dragon, takes off for a non-armed flight test
Reuters
13/15
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with a demo spaceship Crew Dragon in unarmed flight test
AP
14/15
The new spacex crew capsule is approaching just before berthing
Nasa TV / AP
15/15
Astronaut Eric Boe, assistant to the head of the astronaut office responsible for the commercial crew, left, and Norm Knight, deputy director of flight operations at NASA's Johnson Space Center, are watching the launch of the flight. a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft from the company.
Nasa / AP
Kasthuri Venkateswaran, senior scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and one of the authors of the study, said: "The ISS is a hermetically sealed closed system, subjected to microgravity, radiation , an increase in carbon dioxide and recirculation of air through HEPA filters. and is considered an "extreme environment". "
He noted that microbes are known to survive and even thrive in extreme environments. The microbes on the International Space Station may have existed since the station's creation, he added, while others could be introduced each time new astronauts or payloads arrive.
Dr. Venkateswaran added, "The influence of the indoor microbiome on human health is of paramount importance to astronauts during flights, due to the change in immunity associated with spaceflight and flight. from the lack of sophisticated medical interventions available on Earth.
"In light of the new era of human expansion in the universe, such as future space travel to Mars, the environmental microbiome in confined space must be thoroughly examined to identify the types of microorganisms that can accumulate in this unique environment. long, they persist and survive, and their impact on human health and spacecraft infrastructure. "
Researchers say the study can be used to improve safety measures meeting NASA's requirements for human habitation in far-flung spaces.
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