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Mars is one of the most talked-about planets in science fiction novels, and humans have long dreamed of colonizing it as an alternative planet, given the environmental problems and climate changes on our planet. What is the nature of Mars? To what extent can it accommodate human life? How do scientists strive to send humans to the red planet? Will we soon see cities inhabited by humans on Mars? And how does the UAE intend to handle this frantic race?
Mars: Facts and Figures on the Red Planet
Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system known as the Red Planet: rocks, soil and sky appear in red or pink. Mars appears in this color as a result of the interaction of iron in its surface soil, with the amount of oxygen available on the planet, making it rust, about half the size of the earth and the mass of 0.107 of the mass of the earth. It has a very thin atmosphere, composed mainly of carbon dioxide, its main component, as well as nitrogen and argon, followed by oxygen and low water. debit.
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The average temperature recorded on Mars is 63 ° C below zero, with a maximum temperature of 20 ° C and a minimum of 140 ° C below zero, and the day is estimated at 24.6 hours Stadium, and complete a cycle around the sun every 687 days on the ground.
Surrounded by two natural satellites, Phobos and Demos, Phobos contains deep pits and ridges on its surface, as well as some of the most varied and interesting terrains of any planet. For example, Mount Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system. It has a height of about 22 km and has a diameter of more than 500 km.
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What to think before colonizing the red planet?
At the beginning, one must know that access to the surface of the red planet is not the overall success rate in the world of Mars missions since 1960 is less than 50%, but the NASA has the best success rate of about 70%. Twenty-one missions have been sent to Mars since 1960, of which only six have been successful.
Due to the planet's hardness, extreme temperatures at low pressure, the average pressure at its surface is estimated at only about seven milliseconds (less than 1% of Earth's pressure). In addition, there is not yet a spaceship capable of landing humans on Mars, the thin atmosphere of Mars can not quickly blow up very large umbrellas, which is necessary to slow down a large spaceship with fairly lethargic humans.
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However, the race to colonize Mars takes place, and on the other side, the race to reach the Moon Which means that some of us can see the The arrival of humans on the red planet, and see astronauts walking on their feet in the coming decades.
The idea of colonizing Mars seems so exciting and ambitious, so ambitious that she blinded her owners of hyperbole and enthusiasm, and makes us forget to ask the questions necessary, and to appreciate the consequences of landing on the planet.
Some astronomers believe that we should wait a bit, first find out if there is life on the surface of our fourth neighbor before our exploration destroys it. For any kind of active life on Mars, as primitive as it is, the first step is to find, understand, and study it, and then we can try to make informed decisions about the right action that we can make.
Well, what we have gathered around us will be of great value to help us understand ourselves, from where we come from, and the possibilities of existence of life forms in the extraterrestrial universe and on Mars.
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March 2030. NASA plans to send humans to Mars
The human landing on Mars remains NASA's biggest target since the 1950s. The successful landing of the spacecraft Koryosti spatial in August 2012, that Charles Bolden, then director of the agency, had begun to open the human trail on Mars, was a great hope to continue the efforts and a prelude to sending human missions. NASA aims to send humans to Mars in the 1930s. NASA's plan is divided into three phases: in the first phase, NASA tests life support, communication skills and human health while pioneers are in the environment. Mars, through his experiences at the International Space Station.
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In the second phase, NASA will test how the spacecraft is driven, the accommodation facilities necessary for the flight, and the Orion, which will transport the crew, inside a rocket called Space Launch System. ), Which will launch them on Mars. NASA conducted an audition for Orion in 2014 and parts of the SLS in the summer of 2016. The first test flight is scheduled for 2018.
For the third phase, scheduled for 2030, the NASA will send astronauts from humans to the red planet. It is likely that these plans will continue to change and adapt based on the results of sending robotic missions to Mars and new information on the red planet.
In the summer of 2020, NASA plans to send a new robotic vehicle to the red planet called Mars 2020, which will carry a new device called MOXIE, designed to convert carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Martian atmosphere in carbon monoxide and oxygen Thus, it can be used to generate an energy of self-impulse for a return trip to the Earth.
Elon Mask, the billionaire and CEO of SpaceX, the first private space company in the United States to take delivery of goods to the International Space Station, Sending an astronaut on Mars, he wants to create a human colony on the red planet that can accommodate 80,000 people.
He has already declared his desire to provide flights to Mars, which costs about $ 500,000 per person. Recently, he announced his intention to build a small colony on the red planet, starting by sending a crew of 10 members in the next 50 to 150 years, to start construction and construction of the village infrastructure.
After settling settlements, a plan is planned to send 100 people to Mars aboard a highly sophisticated vehicle, which takes about 80 days to reach Mars, and then keep these people in colonies there for 30 days. As for the launch program, the trip will start every two years as Mars approaches Earth, the distance between them is about 57.6 million km. According to the plan, the first stage of the construction and colonization of Mars will begin in 2022 or 2023.
Until that date, Masak still faces many challenges before such a plan does become reality, including knowing how humans land on the planet, how to keep them alive, as well as how to deal with harmful radiation on the way to Mars, as soon as on the protective magnetic field of our planet, solar radiation will begin to accumulate in the body of astronauts, causing the risk of cancer, and on the other side for explosions such as olfactory glow or active particles emit lethal doses of radiation on the spacecraft.
The United Arab Emirates Project "March 2117"
In the same context, the United Arab Emirates are used to enter the global race to Mars a local space program, said last year at the World Summit of Governments of Dubai. In 2117, as part of its national 100-year program for a better understanding of the Red Planet. He plans to launch his first mission on the red planet by 2021 and hopes to settle there in 99 years.
The project entitled "March 2117" was launched by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President, Prime Minister and Sovereign of Dubai, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi . The project will allow humans to live on Mars, provide food and produce energy on the red planet.
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid said during the presentation of the project, "Our goal is to lead the UAE towards international efforts to realize this dream." He added that the UAE is one of the nine most important countries in the world. largest in the world to invest in space science.
The UAE has joined the elite club that is trying to send humans on March, the two: the United States, China, Russia, and a group of European countries, with the self-help of American businessman Elon Mask and his own SpaceX company. The UAE hopes to become the first Arab country to send a mission to the Red Planet by designing, developing and sending a probe to the Red Planet.
The Gulf State has so far invested 20 billion dirhams ($ 5.4 billion) in its space program as part of a plan to diversify its economy into the world. 39, moving away from oil and gas by developing new areas of expertise. And plans to send a satellite launched by Mars Mars probe in 2020 to reach and orbit Mars by 2021, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Arab Emirates.
The Martian Mars probe will study the planet's atmosphere at different times of the day and at different seasons, and the data it collects will be available internationally to benefit the world . If things are on the other side is expected, after a century now, the UAE will be able to build an integrated city to accommodate 600,000 people on Mars.
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