[ad_1]
Today, we regularly hear about viral infections worldwide, social media and the Internet can be the clearest explanation to draw attention to them.
But not only that. The number of viruses and infections that they cause is actually increasing.
Scientific progress, the current human lifestyle and the nature of the virus all contribute to the rise of viruses.
New viruses all the time
The viral infection seems everywhere these days. In January 2018, Nigeria experienced a major epidemic, a haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus. More than 400 confirmed cases and 100 deaths to date.
The state of Kerala, in southern India, is fighting the epidemic of the rare Nipah virus, which causes severe inflammation of the brain: the virus killed 14 people in May.
The massive and massive viral yellow fever epidemic, which began in late 2017, has shifted to a densely populated area near Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. One third of the 273 people confirmed that they died of yellow fever.
We do not forget serious diseases like Ebola, which spread between 2014-2016 in West Africa, making more than 11,000 victims.
This was followed by the Zica virus between 2015-2017, which caused 3,500 children to have dysfunction in the nervous system and eyes.
The first report of a viral infection concerned yellow fever in the US Army in the early twentieth century.
It is now estimated that 3 to 4 new strains of human viruses are found each year and that about 250 strains have not yet been discovered.
Discovering a new virus today is complicated and requires several steps.
Typically, a complete description of the genetic code of the virus is needed with extensive gene sequencing work in the laboratory, as well as the analysis of computer data using a major database as a reference.
We need epidemiological studies, of a science that studies the spread of disease, and vital experiences to understand that any virus is a serious disease.
Then, it can take time to attach a virus to a particular disease that affects humans.
For example, the virus "Human Parecho Virus", a virus that causes serious illness in young children, was discovered in the fifties of the last century.
but it was not known to cause disease in young children except in 2004.
On the same subject, a major pandemic in Australia since 2013 was considered associated with a serious illness similar to sepsis and potential complications that can develop.
Human Contribution
Humans are contributing to the success of dangerous viruses.
The virus only multiplies in a living cell and spreads more efficiently when it detects contact between two individuals.
The United Nations has estimated the current world population recovery at over 1% per year. From the point of view of the virus, this means an increase in breeding habitats.
The world population moving to urban areas means living in a narrower and closer space, and therefore more adapted to the spread of the virus.
Large domestic and international migrations allow the transmission of viruses between population areas.
The focus has been on the urban Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo as a key factor in triggering it, and the challenge is much more difficult.
The concern of the World Health Organization (WHO) has increased when an Ebola case has been confirmed in an urban area.
A new case of Ebola virus has been confirmed in Wangata, one of the health districts of Mbandaka, with a population of 1.2 million inhabitants in the province of Ecuador, in the north-west of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Many viral infections are of animal origin, that is, diseases transmitted from one animal to the other.
Bats are the biggest culprit: a theory says that their weak and unique immune system allows them to carry a large number of viruses without contracting the disease.
The severe outbreak of SARS causes a virus that may have started due to contact between bat and humans.
Residential expansion to wilderness increases the risk of convergence of human viruses. Livestock pens can carry human viruses, and population growth increases the likelihood of increasing the number of barns .
The swings of influenza virus, cattle and birds on the other side also affect humans.
The H7N9 virus, which infected more than 1,500 people in Beijing and resulted in a third death until 2013, was first transmitted to humans by sick birds.
When we come to the language of numbers, the most important viral vector is mosquitoes.
Some Aedes, for example, are the main method of transmission of dengue virus, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus.
Queensland, Australia, is home to these mosquitoes, so that dengue fever spreads each year through an infected traveler coming from an infested area.
A study in the Amazon has linked mosquito expansion in areas affected by deforestation and low vegetation.
The low resistance of available insecticides may have contributed to an increase in the number of mosquitoes.
Were viruses not considered deceptive?
The basis of viruses contributes to their ability to cause disease. Most human viruses multiply almost quickly and in large numbers.
and the result: high-throughput mutations are generated in viral genetic codes.
This allows the virus to quickly adapt to an antagonistic environment, such as the human immune system and drugs.
and may have allowed the virus to pass from the animal host to the human.
Some viruses create a chronic infection that increases the likelihood of transmission.
The Ebola virus lurks after months of serious illness in parts of the body, such as the genitals, brain, and eyes, producing a poor inflammatory response.
Although HIV can cause acute illness, there is a long delay between infection and the onset of the disease.
Infected people can spend a lot of time before realizing that they are infected.
There is no special treatment for the most serious human viruses.
because viruses are hectic and very diverse, and that there is no common drug to eliminate them on the other hand, this is the case of antibiotics for eliminate the bacteria.
But the other challenge is the life cycle of the virus itself, using the infected human cell to grow.
Thus, drugs targeting the proliferation of viruses affect the infected cell, which can cause side effects of the drug.
In addition, the ability of the virus to adapt increases the likelihood of developing drug resistance.
HIV treatment involves a combination of drugs with different roles to solve the problem.
Regardless of the challenges associated with serious viruses, research continues to find innovative solutions.
The Global Mosquito program of Monash University is one example.
The program is based on the detection of a natural and safe bacterium called "Wolbachia" that prevents the virus from thriving in mosquitoes.
In areas infested with mosquitoes, mosquitoes are injected with bacteria until the transition cycle is stopped.
Finally, the cunning strategies used by the dangerous viruses are not equal to the capacity and the amount of human ingenuity.
Source link
