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“As the universe evolves, gravity brings together dark matter and gas from space into galaxies and clusters of galaxies,” said Yi-Kuan Chiang, researcher at the Center for Cosmology and Physics astro particles from Ohio State University. “The trail is violent – so violent that more and more of the gases are electrocuted and heated.
Thermal history of the universe
“Our new measurement provides direct confirmation of the seminal work of 2019 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Jim Peebles, who introduced the theory of large-scale structure formation in the universe,” Chiang said of a new study that has probed the thermal history of the universe over the past 10 billion years, finding that the average gas temperature in the universe has increased more than 10 times during this period and has reached around 2 million degrees Kelvin today, or about 4 million degrees Fahrenheit.
“Missing” – Could dark matter be a source of light in the universe?
Peebles, professor of science Albert Einstein, emeritus of Princeton University, has taken on the cosmos, with its billions of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Its theoretical framework, developed over two decades, is the foundation of our modern understanding of the history of the universe, from the Big Bang to the present day, ”said the Nobel Prize Academy.
The large-scale structure of the universe, says Chiang, is the overall configuration of galaxies and clusters of galaxies on scales beyond individual galaxies – formed by the gravitational collapse of dark matter and gas.
Cosmic temperature verification
The results, Chiang said, showed scientists how to synchronize the progress of the formation of the cosmic structure by “checking the temperature” of the universe, using a new method that allowed them to estimate the temperature of the gas over far from Earth – which means further back in time – and compare them to gases closer to Earth and close to present time. Now, he said, researchers have confirmed that the universe is getting hotter over time due to the gravitational collapse of the cosmic structure, and the heating will likely continue.
“Data on Light and Redshift”
To understand how the temperature of the universe has changed over time, researchers at the Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics report that they used data on light in space collected by two missions, Planck and Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Planck, the European Space Agency mission that operates with strong NASA involvement, makes the most accurate measurements to date of tiny variations of the oldest light in the universe, the microwave cosmic background, created more than 13 billion years ago; Sloan collects detailed images and light spectra of the universe and creates the most detailed three-dimensional maps of the Universe ever made, with one-third deep multi-color images of the sky and spectra for more than three million objects astronomical.
“All the light” – In the history of the observable universe
The Ohio State team combined data from the two missions and evaluated the distances of hot gases from near and far by measuring the redshift, which works because the light we see d Objects farther from Earth is older than the light we see from objects closer to Earth. – the light from distant objects has traveled a longer journey to reach us. This fact, coupled with a method of estimating temperature from light, allowed researchers to measure the average temperature of gases in the early universe – gases that surround objects farther away – and compare that average with the average temperature of gases closer to Earth – gas today.
These gases in the universe today, the researchers found, reach temperatures of about 2 million degrees Kelvin – about 4 million degrees Fahrenheit, around objects closer to Earth. This is about 10 times the temperature of the gases around objects farther away and further away in time.
The universe, Chiang said, is heating up due to the natural process of galaxy formation and structure. It is not related to the current global warming on Earth. “These phenomena occur on very different scales,” he said. “They are not connected at all.”
Source: Yi-Kuan Chiang et al, The Cosmic Thermal History
The Daily Galaxy, Max Goldberg, via Ohio State University
Image Credit: In the new version of the Hubble Deep Field Image – by researchers at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, it took almost three years to produce by recovering a large amount of ‘lost light around the largest galaxies of the iconic Hubble Ultra-Deep Field.
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