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At 150 million kilometers from Earth, the Sun, our closest star in space, is what a star is: pouring light and heat, we call energy.
Our star converts more than 500 tons of hydrogen every second into helium at the heart of the Sun, at 40 million degrees Celsius.
If this rate slows down or the Sun develops 0.1% iron in its nucleus, the Sun would die within milliseconds, the iron absorbing energy, and within 12 months, this planet called "Blue Earth" Would be a frozen desert.
When the Sun and the Solar System were formed, billions of years ago, from a giant molecular cloud of helium, helium, dust and water, there was a huge amount of heat. Other matters called nebula, our star has gone through rather difficult periods, as most stars do during their formation.
While some stars can put up to a million years on Earth to become a ball of light and autonomous heat, many solar astronomers believe that our Sun is a third-generation star formed there are several tens of billions of years. the time has decreased and stabilized in what we have now; A small, middle-aged, yellow-type, ripe star that will live another 4.5 billion years before ending its life as a red giant.
Using our Sun as a model, the Sun physicists now compare its spectra to those of other stars of the same age in our galaxy, to see what changes are occurring, especially in Alpha Centauri, which is about the same size and the same chemical composition as our little star.
Measuring 1.4 million kilometers in diameter, our Sun is a very active gas ball.
Its 6,000 ° C surface is constantly changing every microsecond, as billions of Queensland-sized solar cells rise to the surface and submerge every five minutes. Magnetic field lines near sunspots entangle, intersect and reorganize.
This can cause a sudden explosion of energy called solar flare, which emits a lot of radiation in the space.
If a solar flare is very intense, the radiation it emits can interfere with our radio communications on Earth, and auroras form around the north and south poles of the Earth. Solar flares sometimes accompany a coronal mbad ejection, consisting of huge radiation bubbles and particles from the Sun.
They explode in space at a very high speed when the magnetic field lines of the Sun suddenly reorganize.
In 1989, the Canadian state of Quebec lost electricity for 10 hours because of a huge solar flare causing the outbreak of a hydroelectric power station. In 1859, a solar flare was so huge that it lit up most of the world. If that happened today, scientists say solar energy 95% of the world's electronic systems would be disabled.
Solar flares can paralyze satellites and, along with gamma rays, can destroy the white blood cells of an astronaut, resulting in 100% leukemia.
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