Grafted stem cells in a patient's brain

The team of theKyoto University injected 2.4 million of these pluripotent cells, able to give any type of cell, in the left part of the Function of the brain
Located in the cranial box, the brain is the seat of higher functions (cognitive functions, senses, nervous responses) and vegetative functions. It is therefore an essential organ that ensures the regulation of all … "data-image =" https://www.cdn.v5.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images/midioriginal/5/c/b /5cb474dd85_121782_cerveau-3d.jpg "data-url =" / health / definitions / biology-brain-3125 / "data-more =" Read more ">brain, during a three-hour operation last month. The man, in his fifties, was well tolerated and will now be under surveillance for two years, Kyoto University said in a statement.

If no problem emerges within the next six months, the researchers will then implant an additional 2.4 million cells, this time in the right part of the patient's brain. These iPS cells from healthy donors are expected to develop into neuronal structure
Each neuron is composed of:
of a cell body or pericaryon with the nucleus, very many ramifications of the dendritic type (hence … "data-image =" https://fr.cdn.v5.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images /midioriginal/4/8/4/4845b46c32_50034180_neurone-dr.jpg "data-url =" / health / definitions / neuron-biology-209 / "data-more =" Read more ">neurons producers of dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in motor control.

In July, Kyoto University announced the holding of this clinical trial with seven participants aged 50 to 69 years. "I salute patients for their courageous and determined participation", commented Professor Jun Takahashi, quoted Friday by the NHK public television channel.

Pluripotent cells to generate new neurons

The Parkinson disease is marked by the degeneration of neurons to dopamine and results in examples of symptoms
The symptoms can affect different organs:

muscle pain, joint pain, headaches, digestive problems, disorders of the … "data-image =" https://en.cdn.v5.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images/midioriginal/e/8/ 8 / e882bacd5b_96032_symptome-woman-mal-head.jpg "data-url =" / health / definitions / medecine-symptom-834 / "data-more =" Read more ">symptoms which progressively worsen such as tremors, stiffness of the limbs and decreased body movements. It affects more than ten million people worldwide, according to the Parkinson's Disease Foundation US. Therapies currently available "Improve symptoms without slowing the progression of the disease"explains the foundation.

This test follows an experiment conducted on monkeys with stem cells of human origin that have improved the ability to make movements in primate origin
The debate remains … "data-image =" https://www.cdn.v5.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images/midioriginal/4/0/e/40f01b0d93_52778_macaque-japonais-udon-fotopedia-cc- nc-20.jpg "data-url =" / planet / definitions / zoology-primate-2141 / "data-more =" Read more ">primates suffering from Parkinson's disease, according to a study published in late August 2017 in the scientific journal Nature. The survival of grafted cells, by injection into the brain of primates, was observed for two years without any appearance of clusters of cells. A tumor may be benign or malignant. "Data-url =" / health / definitions / tumor-medicine-2540 / "data-more =" Read the definition ">tumor.

These iPSCs were initially … "data-image =" https://en.cdn.v5.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images/midioriginal/f/7/1/f7170eac85_50035182_ipsc-cellule-souche -pluripotent-nature-methods-04.jpg "data-url =" / health / definitions / medecine-cell-strain-pluripotent-induced-6207 / "data-more =" Read more ">induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS for induced pluripotent stem cells) are adult cells brought back to the near-embryonic state by making them express four again The nucleus of the cell is "…" data-url = "/ health / definitions / genetics-gene-151 /" data-more = "Read more">Genoa (normally inactive in adult cells). This genetic manipulation gives them the ability to produce any kind of cell (pluripotency), according to the place of the body where they are then transplanted. The use of iPS cells does not pose fundamental ethical problems, unlike stem cells taken from embryonic development.
Coming from a single cell, the embryo develops through successive cell divisions (mitosis). It goes through various … "data-image =" https://fr.cdn.v5.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images/midioriginal/b/4/b/b4b097bda7_56110_embryon-humain-6-swines-lunar -caustic-wiki-cc-20.jpg "data-url =" / health / definitions / embryology-biology-2257 / "data-more =" Read more ">embryos humans.

Parkinson's: Stem cells roll back disease in monkeys

Article from Tokyo – AFP published on February 25, 2012

Monkeys developing the equivalent of the Parkinson disease have shown an improvement in their symptoms after injection into their brains of human stem cells. The technique could be tested in humans from 2015.

Monkeys suffering from Parkinson's disease have made significant progress after the implantation of human stem cells into their brains, Japanese researchers said Wednesday.

Four monkeys whose limbs moved spasmodically (a common symptom of syndrome of ParkinsonAnd who struggled to control their bodies showed signs of improvement three months after the operation, said Jun Takahashi, a professor atKyoto University, one of the authors of the study published in the Journal of Parkinson's Disease.

Six months after the transplantationthe four tested primates were again able to walk in their cage, he added.

Jun Takahashi stated that at the time of implementation, 35% of stem cells were dopaminergic neurons, and about one-tenth of them were still alive a year later. In order to improve the effectiveness of treatment, he would like to increase this survival rate to 70%. He hopes to be able to conduct this experiment on humans as early as 2015. " We must first increase the number of dopaminergic neurons to implant, in order to reduce the risk of tumor " postoperative, he explained.

Pluripotent stem cells induced in humans

In this monkey experiment, Jun Takahashi and his team used embryonic stem cellsbut in the case of medical experience the researchers think they are using induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), created by implanting four types of genes into human skin cells for reprogramming. These induced iPSCs thus generated return almost to the embryonic stage (undifferentiated).

The use of embryonic stem cells, which is considered very promising by many scientists, is opposed. Religious groups consider the culture of these cells to be unethical, stressing that destruction of an embryo. In Japan, however, nothing prohibits the use of these cells for scientific research.

The Parkinson disease is one of the main neurodegenerative diseasesAfter the onset, it occurs on average around 65 years and is currently about 350 000 … "data-url =" / health / definitions / medicine-Alzheimer's disease-3606 / "data-more =" Read more ">Alzheimer's disease. It is also one of the most common causes of motor disability, after the Before the accident: accumulation of risks (probability of causes), … "data-image =" https: //fr.cdn.v5 .futura-sciences.com / buildsv6 / images / midioriginal / 4/0/9 / 409a56fb3d_125727_accident.jpg "data-url =" / health / definitions / various-accident-17265 / "data-more =" Read more ">accidents cerebrovascular diseases.