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It seems far back when Emmanuel Macron was "only" Minister of Economy. However, the law that bears his name was not finally adopted until three years ago, in August 2015. And certain measures that are attached to it are only really effective for twelve to twenty-four months. Too early to make an overall macroeconomic badessment of this reform, according to the chairman of the parliamentary mission charged to evaluate this text, the LREM MP Yves Blein, but not to make a qualitative badessment focused on some of the most emblematic measures of the law.
Sunday work
If the report indicates that 28.2% of businesses located in an international tourist zone (ZTI) now open on Sunday, against 17.5% when the adoption of the law, the document remains very evasive on job creation . Similarly, if department stores or major retailers generate a generally significant turnover on Sunday, some stores located in ZTI in Paris, including Place Vendome, have given up opening, the gain in turnover does not offset the extra cost represented by the cost of transportation and childcare offered to employees in return for their presence on Sunday. The report does not propose to generalize the work on Sunday, but it recommends to make the whole of the city of Paris one and the same ZTI.
The prud'hommes
The Macron law has clearly reduced the number of referrals to industrial tribunals. This is progress for some, but it also raises the question of effective access to rights for others. We went from 184,000 referrals in 2015 to 120,000 in 2017. This decrease, which should increase with the ordinances reforming the labor law, is explained in particular by the fact that a written and complete file must be constituted before any referral.
The average processing time for cases, however, has increased, where the law had set a goal of reducing it. For parliamentarians, this increase in delays is due to the lack of resources available to the justice system, as the outgoing judges are not numerous enough to handle all the cases.
Notaries
On this aspect, the law has been very effective in opening up the profession but has not succeeded in lowering the prices of notarial deeds. The profession has welcomed 1,620 new additional notaries and 700 more are expected to be able to settle by 2020. The profession has been rejuvenated (the average age has dropped by two years) and has become feminized (57% of women among new notaries).
On the other hand, the cost of notarial transactions has hardly changed or even increased. Although an overall decrease of 2% in the prices of the acts has been implemented, some offices have largely compensated for this drop by expert fees, not always justified, which are added to the regulated tariffs. A drift, observed and denounced by the MP Cécile Untermaier, which requires that a college of ethics be set up to frame such practices.
"Macron" coaches
With 7 million pbadengers transported in 2017, including 1.2 million who would not have traveled without this means of transport, the so-called "Macron" buses are clearly one of the measures that has paid off most. According to the evaluation report, 2,500 full-time equivalent jobs were created (but it is not known how many jobs were destroyed), and more than 60% of the population has a stopping point within 10 km from his home. Pointed out for their non-ecological character (in comparison with the train), the "Macron" buses have an average filling rate of 60% which makes them much more environmentally virtuous than most existing bus routes.
One point leaves much to be desired: the bus stations are not well enough equipped to accommodate this new traffic, and some stops, sometimes on the roadside in the countryside, leave much to be desired in terms of the safety of travelers.
Marie Bellan
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