Al-Shabaab: Who are the jihadist groups in East Africa and what are their goals?



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Al-Shabaab is the deadliest jihadist group in sub-Saharan Africa, largely operating in Somalia but known for its brutal attacks on neighboring Kenya.

Founded in 2006, the group – whose name "Ou" Mujahideen Youth Movement "- began as the militant arm of the Union of Islamic Courts (UCI), an alliance of courts of the sharia in southern Somalia that sought to compete with the Transitional Federal Parliament

Al-Shabaab has long been out of the ICU and aims to overthrow the successor to the Federal, backed by the West , leading vicious suicide bombings and other acts of brutality against the "enemies of Islam" in the Horn of Africa Christian and Sufi Christian population of Africa. Engaged in ultra-conservative Wahhabi Islam, al-Shabaab intends to rule Somalia according to the strict principles of Sharia.

Al-Shabaab first won the popular support by pledging to bring security to a nation that has not had a stable government for 20 years, before losing face when his refusal of international aid worsened the situation. by drought and famine in 2011.

Al-Shabaab was expelled from Mogadishu the same year by troops of the African Union – a military alliance made up of soldiers from Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and Burundi – and the port city of Kismayo in 2012, hit hard since its cutting coal trade across the docks had been a key source of income.

The group has been affiliated with al-Qaeda since 2012 when its previous leader, Ahmed Abdi Godane, promised "obedience" to his counterpart Ayman al-Zawahiri in 2012. Gobdane was later killed in a strike by American UAV and al-Shabaab is now led by Ahmad Umar, also known as Abu Ubaidah.He has between 7,000 and 9,000 infantry under his command

It is also believed that the militia has links with al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Boko Haram in Algeria and Nigeria respectively.

Al-Shabaab has no connection with Isis, however, having rejected them, a decision that caused a division among his ranks and has led to the formation of a dissident faction, Jabha East Africa, which recognizes the leader of Isis, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, as the "legitimate Khalifa of all Muslims".

Having caused carnage in the region in the last decade, al-Shabaab is now recognized as a terrorist organization by the United Kingdom, the United States, Norway, Australia, New Zealand and the UAE. atrocities was the bombing of a restaurant in Kampala, Uganda, on July 11, 2010, designed to coincide with the finals of the Fifa World Cup between Spain and the Netherlands, revenge of the operations of Uganda in the African Union. Seventy-four people were killed watching the match that night

Kenya was the victim of most Al-Shabaab attacks outside of Somalia, including the attack on the mall Westgate Nairobi in 2013 killed 62 civilians. and four masked gunmen in which the British jihadist Samantha Lewthwaite, nicknamed Whimsical White Widow, was allegedly involved

Al-Shabaab militants armed with rifles and a rocket launcher (Reuters)

Islamists also targeted the Mpeketoni resort, coach-traveling teachers, quarrymen and Garissa University, where 148 people were killed in 2015, most of whom were Christian students among the 700 taken hostage.

When the group ambushed another bus traveling from Mandera to Nairobi later that year, their attempt to use the same tactic was frustrated when pbadengers refused to comply with orders Christians and Muslims. the number of deaths from the incident was reduced to two.

The group also targeted a Kenyan military base near El Adde in Somalia in January 2016, killing 180 soldiers.

Vehicles burn on the scene of a mbadive explosion in front of Safari Hotel in the Somali capital Mogadishu (EPA)
Undoubtedly, his biggest attack was the suicide truck perpetrated outside the Mogadishu Safari Hotel on October 14, 2017, the most devastating in the history of Somalia, which destroyed several neighboring blocks and caused 587 deaths and 316 injuries among the rubble [19659002Deuxsemainesplustardvingt-cinqpersonnesontététuéesaprèsqu'unattentatàlavoiturepiégéeaitouvertlesportesdelastationetendommagélebâtimentdetroisétagespermettantauxhommesarmésdepénétrerdanslebâtimentUnemèreetsestroisenfantsdontunbébéontreçuuneballedanslatêtependantl'incident



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Donald Trump approved a Pentagon plan to increase operations against al-Shabaab in March last year and the US military duly carried out 30 air strikes in the country last year, many by drone, hoping to furthe r weaken the extremists before the handover comes to pbad.

One of the strangest aspects of the group’s outlook is its commitment to environmental issues. Al-Shabaab recently made headlines for prohibiting single-use plastic bags on the grounds that they represent “a threat to people and livestock”, an announcement made through its main propaganda outlet Radio Andalus, broadcasting in Somali, Arabic, Swahili and English.

Al-Shabaab has previously spoken out against Somalia’s logging industry for toppling rare trees and denounced Barack Obama for his failure to do more to tackle climate change during his time in office, leading the group to be mocked, with gallows humour, as East Africa’s “eco-friendly jihadis”.

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