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From shameful death to badbadination, it is not easy to be president in the land of the pharaohs. Let's make a short historical trip.
Gamal Abdel Nbader
His reign of more than 12 years ended in September 1970. Nbader led the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952.
In 1954, he was the victim of an badbadination attempt. This led to the repression of the Muslim Brotherhood. Nbader himself placed former president Mohamed Naguib under house arrest. He was officially elected president in June 1956.
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His health was influenced by chain smoking and long hours of work. At the time of his death in 1970, Nbader had been diagnosed with diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and high blood pressure, but at least he had died of natural causes.
Nbader, the great panarabist, hosted African liberation movements in Egypt, including Keny & As Kanu, and even facilitated Raila Odinga's trip to East Germany for studies via his relationship with Jaramogi Oginga Odinga.
He united Libya and Egypt, thus creating the United Arab Republic of short duration.
Anwar Sadat was badbadinated during an honor guard in 1981 by extremists who believed they had betrayed the Palestinians by signing a peace agreement with Israel.
Anwar Sadat
Anwar Sadat took power in October 1970 and his reign lasted more than ten years. Sadat was badbadinated in Cairo on October 6, 1981 during the annual Victory Parade commemorating the 1973 Yom Kippur War against Israel. He was shot dead by Egyptian soldiers participating in a military parade.
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Sadat was accused of signing a peace treaty with Israel without obtaining concessions for the Palestinians. He was replaced by his vice president, Hosni Mubarak.
At her death, a radical Palestinian faction celebrated her birthday by declaring that she was shaking "the hand that had pulled the trigger".
Hosni Mubarak
Hosni Mubarak came to power in 1981 after the badbadination of his predecessor Anwar Sadat. His reign lasted nearly 30 years. He was the fourth president of Egypt and the most senior leader after Muhammad Ali Pasha, whose reign had lasted 43 years.
Mubarak was famous for his military career. He climbed the ranks of the Egyptian army in a relatively short time. He was forced to withdraw after 18 days of demonstrations during the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and to transfer his powers to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.
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In 2011, an Egyptian court sentenced Mubarak to charges of corruption and abuse of power and sentenced him to life imprisonment. He was the victim of a series of health crises and in January 2013, the Egyptian Court of Cbadation overturned Mubarak's conviction and ordered a new trial in which he was sentenced to prison.
Mubarak was arrested in a military hospital by a Cairo court and reportedly entered the courthouse on a bed. He was later acquitted in March 2017 by the highest court of appeal in Egypt. He was released in March 2017.
Mohamed Morsi
Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood was declared the winner of the Egyptian presidential election of June 2012, succeeding Hosni Mubarak. During his reign, which lasted only one year, Morsi was accused of organizing a coup of the Islamic State and mismanaging the economy. He was then ousted during a military coup in July 2013.
Morsi was later arrested and has since been in police custody until his death in court on Monday. He was facing espionage charges related to alleged contacts with the militant Palestinian militant group Hamas.
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While he was appearing Monday in a Cairo court, the former president fainted during an interruption of the proceedings. He was later pronounced dead.
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