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LITUANIAN JOVAIŠA, Doctor of Humanitarian Sciences, talks about the development possibilities of the history of Lithuania lost after the end of the royal dynasty of King Mindaugas
Why Mindaugas was it important to become King? In what circumstances was he crowned?
Mindaugas may have understood that the title of the king was significant in becoming a full member of the family of the Christian community of the time. From the Christian point of view, at the time when the number of sacraments was not yet established, the coronation of the sovereign was in the middle between the sacrament and the sacrament. An important part of the coronation was the ecclesiastical rites – the coronation and anointing of the sacred oils, which began in the 8th century to practice the royal king of France, which was proclaimed by the popes. There was no other leader of this sacramental anointing.
It is not known where the crown of Mindaugas should have been made, because at that time, only the Pope's permission to crown the king was sufficient. One hypothesis is that the crown could have been made in Riga. As the Mindaugas crown was mediated by the Livonian Orderers, it is believed that the Master of the Livonian Order could have placed it on Mindaugas' head, and that the bishop of Kulma was to fulfill the order. sacramental anointing. Some Dominicans and Franciscans were involved in the ceremony.
Knowledge of the coronation comes from one of the gifts of Mindaugas for the Order of Livonia. There are six left, but only the first is considered authentic. Historians disagree on other donations: some believe that they would falsify the Order in order to justify claims on Lithuanian lands, others believe that some donations are authentic, in part no. There is no dispute between the first donation given to the Order during the coronation Mindaugas. Mindaugas was grateful to the Order, with which he was introduced to Western Christian Europe. Without espionage, besides people who speak a language familiar with the inner workings of the Church, Mindaugas could not have become king. His messenger, the Prince of Prussia, the land of Neris, went with the Knights of the Livonian Order to Milan, where he met the Pope. The pope gave six letters to the messengers, including permission to crown the king. This gift of some land to the Order of Livonia was to be made in advance, indicating that it was happening on the day of the coronation – in July 1253.
July 6 deduced by prof. Edward Gudavicius. Looking at the calendar of life and work of Mindaugas, he saw that in August 1253 Mindaugas went on a military ride. Therefore, it is more likely that the coronation took place in the first half of July. Crocheter was scheduled for Sunday – and the Sunday in July was July 6th and 13th. It was finally agreed to hold the crown date on July 6th.
The special gift of the pope was the last of St. The proposal of Father Inocent IV to crown Mindaugas and the prince of neighboring Galicia – the number of kingdoms at that time in Europe was already formed. Unfortunately, these last two kingdoms were not realized because the heirs of the two kings did not become Western Christians. Lithuania never stopped the kingdom
Who was supposed to be the successor of Mindaugas?
Of course, Mindaugas was murdered with his sons, Ruklias and Rupeikis. We also know that he received permission from Pope Alexander IV to crown one of his sons. Mindaugas laid the foundation for the formation of a dynastic heredity. We do not know which of his sons should take the throne. It is thought that this should have been one of the youngest sons of Mindaugas, since Vaišvilkas, born of Mindaugas' first marriage, was an Orthodox monk.
Where is Mindaugas buried? One version indicates that his remains rest in Latgale, after the Basilica Aglona. From what is this hypothesis based?
This version is based on a late testimony captured in the 17th century. Chronic It is difficult to say how much this testimony is based. From that, many other stories, popular in Latvia, were born that Mindaugas would have gone to Morta, so they both later built a monument. It is said that Martha is a Latgalian who is false. During the murder of Mindaugas, Martha was already dead
The dynasty disappeared, and the reign of the other Lithuanian rulers was not very worried
All Lithuanian rulers from Vyten to Kestutis and Algirdas, to the 39 With the exception of Jaunius, they expressed their desire to crown. It is unclear to what extent these intentions were real, and how much it was just a desire to win the breath, the oppression, in the fight against the German Order. That's what Prince Gediminas really enjoyed playing this card and winning the four-year truce
XIV century. Lithuania was already preparing for baptism, it was not clear where it would go: on the side of Eastern or Western Christianity. Who made the final decision to christen Lithuania?
Grand Duke Jogaila was the leader who determined the religious and civilizational breakthrough in Lithuania. He also became King of Poland, who fulfilled the promise made by the Kr deva Treaty to baptize the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Grand Duke Vytautas will play a major role in the baptism of Samogitia
Why was the crown of Grand Duke Vytautas so important? He did not see her so well. Up to now, it is said that Polish men stole it …
Every politician has ambitions, directly dictating actions. I wonder if Mindaugas was thinking of Lithuania. Most likely, he was concerned about establishing power in the hands of the family. He was just a cruel and ambitious monarch without any qualms.
Benedict XVI said that God wrote a story directly on our curved lines. The man does not even know what role the story will give him. We must be grateful to Mindaugas for creating a country in which we live and of which we are proud. Also grateful to Pope Inocent IV, who also contributed to the fact that the Mindaugas State would not stop.
However, the most talented politicians who believed in their power and ability are not meant to go beyond their limits. This happened to Napoleon, who expanded his empire, but overestimated the opportunities. Vytautas failed to reach the crown
In the sixteenth century, 100 years later, the idea of the crown was reestablished – the King of Lithuania wanted to crown the son of Sigismund Augustus , Zygmunt. However, once again, fate has prevented the path of such ambition. Why?
The status of the state has already been formed, the forces have not reached enough. The ambition of the Lithuanian ruling elite, the State Chancellor Alberto Gostauto and Bishop John, a single son of Sigismund's old man, to consolidate the status of Lithuania as a # 39; State. On the other hand, they wisely played in the interest of the dynasty: the Jagiellonians sought to have more thrones and crowns, so they would have been acceptable for such a decision – to reign over two kingdoms. The monarch himself, apparently, was not so influential and able to reach another crown.
For Lithuania, apparently, the Lord himself did not become a kingdom …
Lithuanian history is an eloquent testimony to the fallen to pagan society. We lost time and, after a century of achieving such a status of political state, it was no longer possible. This is followed by another fate of the state. If Lithuania became a kingdom, it would be politically much more meaningful, we would be civilized and culturally richer, and with our writing we would have already been involved in a cultural and literate European society. We do not have such a great influence on the influence of Polish culture, polonization. The fate of the state would be very different. A stronger state would have allowed us to remain more firmly in the struggles with Moscow, for which we lost part of the state by sharing it with Poland in order to resist the expansion of the state. East
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