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In one of the largest studies of this type, researchers are using a "powerful" technology of new gene editing technology to identify the weaknesses of cancer cells.
If surgery or localized therapy is not an option, then patients are usually forced to undergo chemotherapy and radiation therapy to attack the cancer cells.
Unfortunately, it also means that patients must experience all the debilitating side effects and potential health risks that result.
Fortunately, scientists at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Open Targets have developed a revolutionary new roadmap that identifies and identifies the weakest genetic points of different cancer cells.
In a study published in Nature This week, the team used CRISPR technology to disrupt each gene of more than 300 cancer models from 30 cancer types and uncover thousands of key genes that are critical to cancer survival. The team then developed a new system that prioritizes and ranks 600 drug targets that seem most promising in terms of treatment development.
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The team focused on common cancers, such as lung, colon and breast cancers, and cancers with unmet clinical needs, such as lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancers, were particularly urgent.
However, the team also managed to uncover a new genetic weakness called RecQ helicase of Werner syndrome, common in many stomach and colon cancers. This discovery could lead to the first treatments that can target the gene and treat cancers.
The results accelerate the development of targeted cancer treatments and bring researchers closer to the production of the Cancer Dependence Map, a detailed rule book on precision cancer treatments designed to help more patients benefit from effective treatments.
"The Cancer Dependence Map is a huge effort to identify all the weaknesses present in different cancers so we can use this information to strengthen the next generation of precision cancer treatments," said Dr. Mathew Garnett, co-lead author Wellcome Sanger Institute and open targets.
"This tool will be freely available to scientists around the world to understand what makes cancer a cancer and how we could target cancer types much more effectively than today."
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Scientists and pharmaceutical companies are exploring new targeted therapies that selectively kill cancer cells, leaving healthy tissue unharmed. Currently, it is very difficult to produce new effective treatments. The development of a single drug costs about $ 1 to $ 2 billion, but about 90% of drugs fail during development. Therefore, selecting a good drug target early in the process can be considered the most important part of drug discovery.
Dr. Francesco Iorio, co-lead author of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Open Targets, said, "To give a new drug the best chance of succeeding in the very latest phases of clinical trials, it is essential to select the best and most promising drugs. target early in the drug development process.
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"For the first time, on a database, we are providing genome-wide advice on which new therapeutic targets should be proposed for the development of new anti-cancer drugs," he added.
Professor Karen Vousden, Chief Scientist at Cancer Research UK, said, "What makes this research so powerful is scale. CRISPR provides a unique tool to accelerate the discovery of therapeutic targets in oncology, and this study is a leap forward in a positive direction. "
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