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Drought, famine, conflict and displacement of population. These long-standing issues remain the focus and focus of the World Health Organization (WHO) efforts for this year. Fragility and vulnerability scenarios are listed with nine other factors in the list of global health threats issued by the entity. The survey includes diseases, viruses and climatic, social and economic conditions that will require the attention of the entity and its partners this year.
The organization's goal is to implement a new five-year strategic plan to ensure the benefits of universal access to health and universal health coverage for more than one billion people. Among the topics mentioned in the list are chronic noncommunicable diseases, dengue fever, HIV and pandemics of influenza, virus in constant mutation and prevention more difficult
Anastácio Queiroz, infectiologist and professor of medicine at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), says that in the case of HIV, prevention depends on behavioral change, since the main form of transmission is bad without a condom. "People have not understood that AIDS, although it is a chronic disease, does not cure, it is very difficult to take medication for life." Data from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) 2017 indicates that 36.9 million people worldwide are living with HIV
The WHO for 2019 also worries about antimicrobial resistance and resistance of bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi to drugs such as antibiotics and antivirals. This can cure diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and salmonellosis. previously medicated with ease. Part of the cause of the problem is the misuse or misapplication of this type of medication. "If you do not eliminate a risk, the possibility is that it gets stronger," Anastacio sums it up.
The need to focus on primary care, field of disease prevention, health promotion and education, is also emphasized. This type of badistance does not exist in many countries. Jackson Sampaio, a professor in the Ceará State University's Community Health Program (Uece), points out that 70% of medical cases can be resolved quickly through primary care.
The reluctance of many to be vaccinated may jeopardize progress in the fight against vaccine-preventable diseases. "We should have full access, but there are cultural elements, many people do not accept the vaccine, think the vaccine that carries the disease," says Jackson. Currently, about 3 million deaths are prevented each year through vaccination. Another 1.5 million deaths could be avoided if global immunization coverage was wider.
The list also indicates how to solve the problem of air pollution and climate change. Nine out of 10 people breathe polluted air every day, which can worsen a range of respiratory diseases. The pulmonologist doctor of Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Simone Fortaleza, mentions that people already suffering from problems such as asthma, pulmonary emphysema and bronchitis can deteriorate. More serious diseases such as lung cancer can also occur. "We end up living in urban areas heavily affected by pollution, there is no way to avoid it." The measure would in fact be general to make the population aware of the need to produce less [poluição]. "
DENGUE
A constant target of fighting in tropical countries, especially during the rainy season, dengue begins to affect more temperate countries, such as Nepal, which had traditionally no case of the disease.The main form of fighting is also the biggest difficulty: stop the breeding grounds of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.Prevention can be done using repellents and long clothes, as well as avoiding water accumulation in open tanks of houses.
2. HIV
Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS, HIV remains a concern The disease has no cure, but it is now possible to treat with drugs, but nearly one million people still die of HIV / AIDS every year. it is important to use Wear a condom in all badual intercourse and avoid contact with the blood of infected persons.
3. EBOLA
In 2018, the Democratic Republic of Congo witnessed two outbreaks of Ebola, which spread to cities of over one million d & # 39; inhabitants. The disease that causes intense bleeding is rare in Brazil and does not present as much risk for the country.It is important, before you go to places where the disease usually appears, especially in Africa, to know if there is an epidemic. If this is the case, it is recommended to avoid trips, if possible.
4. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
The ability of bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi to resist drugs has increased. In 2017, approximately 600,000 TB cases were diagnosed as resistant to rifampicin – the most effective first-line drug – and 82% of these people had multidrug-resistant TB. One of the main reasons is the blind and excessive use of antimicrobials in humans and animals. The WHO uses to raise awareness and encourage the proper use of these drugs
5. PANDEMICS INFLUENZA
The influenza virus has already generated a series of epidemics of different types of influenza: swine flu, Spanish flu, bird flu … This is because the microorganism has a mutation capacity, necessary for effective protection. It is therefore important that groups at risk are vaccinated each year against the flu.
6. AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
The WHO considers air pollution as the greatest health risk badociated with air pollution. 39; environment. Every year, 7 million people die from diseases such as cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, caused by air pollution and climate change. The solution is to reduce gas emissions from burning fossil fuels. One solution is to choose less polluting means of transport, such as cycling.
7. More than 1.6 billion people live in places where factors such as drought, famine, conflict and displacement leave them without adequate medical care.
In this context, easily treatable diseases end up deadly. Governments should intervene in these places to implement public policies and strengthen health services.
8. Primary health care does not always pay attention that they should have on public health services.
Primary health care does not always pay attention that it should have on public health services. He ends up treating the disease with hospitals, drugs and surgeries instead of preventing them through prevention, education and health promotion. The WHO is working on strengthening the commitment that all countries signed in the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978 to focus on the region.
9.
The lack of accessible vaccines as well as the lack of information and prejudices around this type of antigen have prompted many people around the world to no longer be vaccinated . This is dangerous as it can cause back diseases that vaccination prevents for decades. Government awareness campaigns and the availability of vaccination at clinics help to combat this problem.
10. Diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease account for over 70% of all deaths worldwide, or 41 million people.
Five risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, harmful consumption of alcohol, unhealthy diets and air pollution) make this problem so widespread and worrying. The WHO intends to work with governments in 2019 to achieve the global goal of reducing physical inactivity by 15% by 2030.
SOURCE: WHO
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