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A survey of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) reveals that 23% of young Brazilians do not work and do not (usually) study, mostly women and low-income people.
Brazil has one of the highest percentages. young people in this situation among nine countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. According to the study, the reasons for this scenario are problems of cognitive and socio-emotional skills, lack of public policies, family obligations towards parents and children, among others. The same group includes Mexico, with 25% of young people who do not study and do not work, and El Salvador, with 24%. Chile is at the other extreme, where only 14% of young people surveyed are in this situation. The average of the region is 21% of young people, which equates to 20 million people who do not study or work.
The study of millennia in America and the Caribbean: work or studies? on Latin American youth was launched today (3) at a seminar held in Ipea, Brasília. The data includes more than 15,000 young people aged 15 to 24 from nine countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.
Nem-nem
According to research carried out, although the term used can not induce the idea that young people are inactive and unproductive, 31% of them are looking for a job, especially men, and more than half, 64%, engage in domestic or family activities. , especially women. "It is, contrary to established conventions, this study proves that most nor-nor are not young without obligations, but perform other productive activities," says the research.
Only 3% of them do not perform any of these tasks. nor do they have a disability that prevents them from studying or working. However, rates are highest in Brazil and Chile, with about 10% of young people apparently inactive.
According to Ipea researcher Joana Costa, the results are quite optimistic because they show that young people are not lazy. "But it is young people who have access to poor quality education and who find it difficult to find their place in the labor market.In fact, managers and public policies have to look for them a little more", he warned.
Public Policies
Improving services and subsidies to transportation and increasing the number of crèches, so that women are able to reconcile work and study with domestic chores, are policies that can be implemented even at home. Short term, according to Joana
Based on this information, the researchers also indicated the need to invest in training and education and to suggest political actions to help successful transition from their studies to the labor market
In view of the uncertainty and degree of misinformation on the labor market, it is essential for them [jovens] to strengthen the work orientation and information systems and to pursue policies to reduce the limitations on youth training, with programs such as the National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment (Pronatec). "Conditional transfer programs and scholarships have had positive results in terms of coverage," says the study.
According to the IPEA, the private sector can also contribute to improving the skills and employability of young people through: enrollment in the programs of young apprentices and encouragement of the development of socio-affective skills required by employers , such as self-confidence, leadership and teamwork.
In Brazil, for example, according to data presented by Ipea, the Jovem Aprendiz program is poorly implemented. From 2012 to 2015, the number of young participants reached 1.3 million, although it is about the annual potential of eligible young people to the program.
Further efforts are needed to significantly reduce the rate of early pregnancy and other pregnancies.
Knowledge and Skills
Opportunities for access to education, average years of schooling, socio-economic status, and other elements, such as Early parenthood or the home environment, are among the main factors that influence young people's decision on work and studies, according to research. In all countries, the prevalence of early childhood or paternity is higher among young people outside the education system and the labor market.
The survey introduces less conventional variables such as the information available to young people about the functioning of the labor market. their aspirations, their expectations and their cognitive and socio-emotional abilities. For researchers, young people do not have sufficient information on the salary they can earn at each level of schooling, which could lead them to make poor investment decisions in their education. In the case of Haiti and Mexico, this fraction of young people with biased information may exceed 40%.
Research also indicates that 40% of young people are not able to perform very simple mathematical calculations that are useful for their daily lives and many lack technical skills for the new job market. But there are also encouraging results. Young people badyzed, with the exception of Haitians, are very easy to manipulate with technological devices, but also have great socio-emotional capacities. Young people in the area have high levels of self-esteem, personal effectiveness, ie the ability to organize themselves to achieve their own goals, as well as to perseverance.
According to research, delays in cognitive abilities are important and may limit the professional performance of young people, as well as the absence of other relevant socio-emotional characteristics such as leadership, the work of young people. 39, team and responsibility. In addition, 70% of working youth are employed in informal activities. The turnover rate of the workforce is high, which discourages the investment of the employer in training.
The Brazilian Reality
Brazil has about 33 million young people between the ages of 15 and 24. more than 17% of the population. According to Enid Rocha, a researcher at Ipea, the country is experiencing a demographic bonus moment, when the active population is larger than the dependent population, composed of children and elderly, in addition to being part of a young wave, which constitutes the top of the young population.
"This is a time when countries take advantage of the opportunity to invest in their youth.We must return to youth policies, which have already been expanded, so as not to produce more than Inequality and our demographic premium does not become a burden. "
In addition to the study's guidance, Enid also highlights the importance of specific health policies for youth with health problems. mental health, trauma and depression.
The research was conducted in partnership with Ipea and the Fundación Espacio Público of Chile, the Research Center for International Development (IRDC). Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with support from the International Policy Center for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG).
Full Spanish research is available on the IDB website. Click here to see the summary of the search in Portuguese
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