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Alan Diogo Zoldan, 34, and Tatiane Bazei, 27, began investing in the field in 2014. With 17 cows, they sold 6,000 liters of milk a month. Four years later, the amount of animals and production tripled. Despite the volume of work, they divide themselves between the care of the nine-year-old son and the 17-hectare estate in Coronel Freitas in the west of Santa Catarina.
Both are part of the group of 44,100 producers under 45 in the Santa Catarina field, according to preliminary data from the Agricultural and Livestock Census 2017, published this week by IBGE . The study compares the data found between last year and February with the numbers recorded in 2006.
The young couple also represents resistance: they went the other way. In the last decade, the number of producers up to 45 years old has dropped 40.7% in the state. On the other hand, there has been an increase in the number of people over 55 (83,200 today).
Despite being the minority in the state today, Alan and Tatian do not intend to be part of the statistics of those who left the campaign. On the contrary, the idea is to further increase production. Over the past two years, they have invested R $ 100,000 to expand the milking stall and, more recently, R $ 30,000 in an irrigation system for pasture.
– Now we can have a free weekend, because the cow must be treated every day, says Tatiane.
Reduction of under-45s Years in the field ignites an alert, underlines the technical coordinator of the IBGE survey, Jair Aguilar Quaresma.
– About 10 years ago, there were public policies to encourage credit for the purchase of rural properties for young couples. Actions like these should be further intensified because it is very obvious that there is an aging in the countryside, here in Brazil
. Photo: Art DC / NSC
The number of elderly people will exceed that of 2035 children in SC
Increase in animal protein and fruit
The concentration of farms and rural workers has been reduced in a little more than a decade in Santa Catarina, but that does not prevent the state from increasing the
Despite the reduction in the number of young people, the number of people employed (minus of 12.8%) and production units (5.4%), SC agriculture grew 6.3%, irrigated acreage increased by 22.92% and the fleet of tractors increased by 57% over the period, in addition to the increase in the population of pigs and cattle, as was the case for the Zoldan couple
. benefited from the last (19.1% growth), sheep (13.6%) and pigs (28.5%). The state is the largest exporter of pork in the country. Cow milk production doubled in 11 years, expanding by 103%. Although Santa Catarina is the second largest exporter of chicken in Brazil, poultry production has decreased by 6.1%
The cultivation of two fruits in particular has also been stimulated. Also according to IBGE, the production of pbadion fruit rose from 2.5 thousand tonnes to 27.6 thousand tonnes, while that of pitaia practically did not exist in 2006 and was growing. at 328 tons last year.
Technological advancement and communication also appear in the survey. In 2006, only 7,000 farms had internet access in Santa Catarina, up from 91,900 last year. The increase of 14 times places the rural environment of Santa Catarina among the five most connected in the country. Small and medium-sized properties represent 69.8% of Santa Catarina's agricultural holdings.
Already the use of agrochemicals has increased by 4.1% over the last 11 years, being applied by 129.3 thousand producers. Despite the increase, the state is below the national average.
– We are very far from the 20.4% increase in Brazil, which I think is very positive for Santa Catarina. Agrochemicals are very important for agriculture, but we must use them rationally – explains the coordinator of the survey.
According to IBGE, the data already presented are inconclusive. The full report will be published in July 2019.
Igor Maraschin, 20 years old, used what he learned in technical progress to increase productivity in the family area Photo: Tarla Wolski / Special [19659009] The population over 70 will quadruple in CS until Santa Catarina also appears in the agricultural census as a culmination point in education: 3.05% of producers said that they did not know not read and write, the lowest percentage among all states (the national average was 23.05%). For specialists, performance in education reflects productivity.
On the property of the Maraschin family at Coronel Freitas, the notebook is already as important as a tractor. One program manages an area of 36 hectares, producing 18,000 liters of milk per month, 13,500 chickens every two months and 1,700 bags of soybean and corn per year.
people produced an average of 18 to 20 liters per cow. Now we produce 24 to 25 liters, because the system allows you to see the quality of each cow's milk, the cost of production, nutrition and genetics – explains Igor, 20.
There is an example of the young man who left the field to study, but is already thinking of returning.
The parents of Igor, Nilton and Lane Maraschin, studied until the fourth grade of elementary school, but they supplement the training with real estate management courses offered by a cooperative.
– He has a lot of knowledge about seeds and the best planting season – explains Lane, pointing out the importance of his son's course.
According to the Manager of Modalities, Programs and Educational Projects of the Secretary of State for Education, Beatris Clair Andrade, the partnership established in 2004 with the Federal Government in the Brazil / Santa Alphabetical Program Catarina has facilitated community reach in the field and improved SC indicators.
– If a young person or an adult who is illiterate in the field has to travel a great distance to access a literacy process, this usually does not happen. Strategies have therefore been developed to bring this process to these places. Clbades were formed in the community itself, in parish halls, community spaces, sometimes even in homes that could accommodate a teacher – explains Beatris
The dark green of the crop of wheat brings good hopes of harvest to the farmer Waldemar Bes, 59 years old
Photo: Tarla Wolski / Special
Technology improves crop performance
It has increased from 25 to 30 hectares the cultivated area at Xaxim, west of Santa Catarina, and also aims to increase productivity, from 45 to 60 bags per hectare last year.
technology in agriculture in Santa Catarina in the last 10 years, which has increased the harvest without the need for more land.
– Ten years ago we produced 50 to 55 soya beans and 170 to 180 sacks of maize. Now we are harvesting more than 70 and 200 bags, respectively – explains he
Bes and his brother, with whom he cultivates 80 hectares, have always invested in good seeds, fertilizers and new machinery. In 2015, they spent $ 137,000 on a new, more modern cab tractor. Last year, they spent another 600,000 reais for a new combine. The number of tractors in Santa Catarina, IBGE points out, has risen from 69.8 thousand to 108.3 thousand, representing a growth of 55%.
Milk production increased further
Cow's milk is one of the productive sectors with the greatest expansion in catarinense agriculture since 2006. The jump was 103% in production in 11 years. The large industries in the area have given small and medium-sized producers an outlet. Despite a rapid pace in just over a decade, projections for the coming years are modest.
According to the President of the Union of Dairy Industries and Derivatives of SC (Sindileite), Valter Antônio Brandalise, the growth has been in the house by 10% per year until in 2014, when it s & # 39; 39 is stabilized and the rate began to oscillate. In the badessment of the entity, the sector is close to a limit.
What prevents a new resumption of production, says Brandalise, is the combination of input costs such as soybeans and corn, as well as fuel, electricity and the tax burden.
– The government has not looked at the milk with the importance it deserves.
The tax burden in Santa Catarina is higher than in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. The industry can not follow this difference – critical
For producer Waldemar Bes, However, crop projections do not worry you. What sometimes makes it sleep, is the continuity of the family business. He is already 59 years old and his eldest daughter, Josiane, a graduate in accounting, works in the city. The youngest, Gabriela, 17, is in high school.
– I do not know if she will play the property, let's see. In the country, the area devoted to agriculture and livestock increases by 5%
The number of farms in Brazil decreased by 2% last year compared with to 2006, from 5.17 million to 5.07 million. Total area increased 5% from 333.6 million hectares to 350.2 million hectares. This increase corresponds to an area of 16.5 million hectares, almost the size of Acre, according to IBGE. The Agro 2017 census, with more detailed information, will be published only in July 2019.
Of all Brazilian regions, only the Northeast has shown a reduction in the number and area of farms, with a loss of 131,565 establishments and 9,901. 808 hectares. As in the case of HC, the staff employed also underwent a reduction from the previous census, from $ 16.56 million as at December 31, 2006 to $ 15 million in 2017.
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