In one year, the number of Brazilians living in poverty increases by nearly 2 million, according to IBGE | Economy

Distribution of Poverty

The Northeast region has the highest percentage of people in this state. the – 14.7% of the population compared to 13.2% the previous year. The lowest proportion was in the South Region, at 2.9% compared to 2.4% the year before.

"The growth in the percentage of people living below this line [de pobreza extrema] has increased in all regions, except in the northern region, where it has remained stable," said the report. IBGE

about the Brazilian population in a situation of poverty, that is to say living with less than R $ 406 per month, of which almost half in the north-east – out of the 54, With 8 million poor people in the country, more than 25 million live in the northeastern states, which is almost half of the region's population.

According to IBGE, the highest proportion of poor people lives in Maranhão. More than half of the population lives below the poverty line. Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Amapá, Piauí, Ceará, Alagoas and Bahia also account for nearly half of the poor population.

Santa Catarina has the lowest percentage of poor – 8.5% of its population was below the poverty line. In all other federal units, this percentage was greater than 13%.

Poverty in Brazil

Percentage distribution of the population living in poverty in each country

Source: IBGE

26.9 million live with less than ¼ of the minimum wage

L & # 39; The survey also shows that in 2017, 26.9 million people lived in the country with less than ¼ of the minimum wage, which equates to R $ 234.25, since the minimum wage was R $ 937 that year. This quota has increased by more than a million people compared to the previous year. In 2016, 25.9 million Brazilians were in this situation.

During the same period, the number of Brazilians whose per capita household income was less than R $ 85 per month increased by 1.5 million. In 2016, 8.2 million people were living with the disease and this quota increased to 9.7 million in 2017, an increase of 18.3%.

"Poverty has changed dramatically over this period and all income ranges used to clbadify poverty have increased," said the IBGE's Coordination of Demographic and Social Indicators badyst. , Leonardo Athias.

Among the reasons that led to the increase of poverty in Brazil, Athias highlights the crisis in the labor market, with an increase in unemployment and informality, the intense economic recession of both years and the reduction of investment in Bolsa Família, a income transfer program for the poorer clbades.

"Those who were already poor became poorer, but there were people who became poor and who were not poor before," said the researcher.

Percentage distribution of the population living in extreme poverty

The Northeast has a higher percentage of people living in extreme poverty

Source: IBGE

Blacks or pardos make up the majority of the poorest

income remains high, but IBGE figures show a slight reduction in the gap between black and white incomes.

By income bracket, blacks and whites accounted for 75.2% of those with the lowest incomes in 2017, compared with 75.4% in 2016. In the top 10% of income high, the participation of the black or the brown, meanwhile, went from 24.7% in 2016 to 26.3% in 2017.

10.2 billion R $ per month to eliminate poverty in Brazil

IBGE emphasized that "The eradication of poverty is one of the central themes of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," which "has been part of badysis and public policy efforts in Brazil ". Given this, the study showed that for the country to eliminate extreme poverty, it would require about $ 1.2 billion a month. With 10.2 billion rubles a month, it would be possible to eliminate all the poverty in the country.

"These values ​​do not take into account the operational costs badociated with the use of these resources, that is, the effective transfer of these values ​​to each person," said researcher Leonardo Athias .

Athias pointed out that research brings the average return of every part of the population. Thus, when we say that 10.2 billion rand a month would eliminate poverty, this does not mean that this figure should be evenly distributed among the 54.8 million poor people of the country.

"We should receive more, sometimes less, so that everyone goes beyond the poverty line," said the researcher.

However, an indicator was constructed that indicates the average income needed for that poor socio-economic level. This indicator is called the "poverty gap" which "measures the extent to which individuals are below the poverty line".

It was therefore found that on average, people living in extreme poverty would only need R $ 77 to reach the poverty line. Already, people clbadified as poor were $ 187 less than what was needed to go beyond the range that placed them in poverty.

The researcher Leonardo Athias pointed out that, in order to eradicate poverty, "it was not necessary to resort to public investments alone, to income transfer programs [como o Bolsa Família]". According to him, other mechanisms, even private initiative, could help to improve the distribution of income.

"With the improvement of the labor market conditions, you would be able to proceed to perfect allocation and you would not have any inflationary effect," he said.

Inequality is on the rise

However, the distribution of income in Brazil remains uneven. On the national average, the richest 10% receive 17.6 times more than the poorest. In the division by capitals, this difference reaches 34.3 times – the level reached by Salvador.

"In Brazil, you have poverty and inequality.If you have inequality but everyone is rich, it's good.The growth is the distance that separates those who are at the bottom of the pyramid of those at the top, "said an investigator IBGE Leonardo. Athias.

According to the survey, the group of 10% of the richest people accounted for 43.1% of total income, the sum of all income in the country. On the other hand, the 40% group with the lowest income held only 12.3% of the mbad.