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In discussing the military regime (1964-1985), members of the transitional team and the future Bolsonaro government claim that the crackdown of the time – which has left more than 400 dead and missing, according to the report of the National Commission of Truth has occurred in the context of a war: between the Brazilian state and armed groups who tried to impose communism.
But a study by BBC News Brazil in the archives of this period shows that repression and surveillance did not concern only the armed left. Even those who are now part of the president-elect's transition team have been closely monitored by the military intelligence services – some of whom are even considered "communist" and "subversive" infiltrators.
"(The 64-year-old coup d'etat.) It was a counter-coup against a growing communist movement.The army took control and we had a war," he said. told O Globo newspaper, Antônio Flávio Testa, political scientist and retired professor. He participated in the group of military and intellectuals who made proposals for Bolsonaro and is now part of the transition team. In the 1970s, however, Testa himself was the target of an open investigation against him and had been arrested for "a few hours" for participating in activities related to the student movement. The National Information System (NIS) was created in June 1964, a few months after the military coup – which, on March 31 this year, deposed President Joao Goulart and instituted an authoritarian regime that lasted until 39, in 1985.
The SNI was designed by General Golbery of Couto e Silva and consisted of a central agency in Brasilia, as well as agencies and offices spread all over the country and in all government agencies. The SNI existed until 1990, when it was replaced by a smaller, civilian-controlled structure. The whole thing was called the "information community" of the regime.
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Chico Buarque (right, poster holding) and other artists of the Pbadeata dos Cem Mil, 1968
How do members of the Bolsonaro transition team and the future government appear in the SNI files?
The future president of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), the economist Carlos Doellinger, was qualified in a 1985 document of "Communist infiltration" by Jose Sarney, who had just come into office. The economic guru of Bolsonaro, Paulo Guedes, had his card in hand when he asked for a pbad in the 1970s – but nothing against him.
The political scientist Antônio Flávio Testa, who was part of the Bolsonaro political decision-making group and the transitional cabinet, was considered "subversive" because he participated in the student movement of the University of Brasilia (UnB) in the 1970s, according to report, he was arrested for a few hours
The next Minister of Education, Ricardo Vélez Rodríguez, was monitored for his status abroad and for his participation in congresses of philosophy in the 1980s. Information about the dictatorship was also mentioned his texts against the theology of liberation, a left wing of the Catholic Church, in conjuncture badyzes.
The future minister of the Institutional Security Cabinet, Augusto Heleno – military commander in the Amazon and head of the Haitian peacekeeping mission Minustah – appears as a member of a plate supported by the government of General João Figueiredo in the conflict for the club The military Dickson Melges Grael, father of sailors Lars and Torben Grael, was part of the opposing board.
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The document that mentions Lars and Torben Grael's father, Dickson Melges, as "unruly"
The persons mentioned in the documents were searched for in the report, but only Antonio Flávio Testa wished to comment on the subject.
"According to the historian specializing in political history, most of the people supervised by military intelligence have never been involved in organized communism nor with the left." Antônio Barbosa. [19659005IndeedwhentheSNIfirstappearedin1964theworldwabadperiencinggrowingtensionbetweenthecapitalistUnitedStatesandtheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublicsledbycommunistRussiathearmyjustifiedthenewregimeasawaytopreventthecountryfromjoiningtheSovietbloc-andthisspeechcontinuedthroughoutthemilitaryperiodsaidBarbosaprofessorattheUniversityofBrasilia(UnB)
"After 1961, when Cuba declared itself a Marxist-Leninist, the Cold War crossed the Atlantic Ocean and came from Europe to America. At that time, a series of anti-communist coups of right Brazil ", he said.
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Tanks of war in the streets of Rio de Janeiro, April 1964
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Durango Duarte Institute / Reproduction
"Much of the work of security agencies, such as the SNI, was that They called "the fight against subversion." In fact, it was the fight against the left … that far exceeded the plot. which was the armed struggle, the spectrum of enemies of the regime was very broad, there were liberals, democrats in general, socialists and all those who did not ask for the livret of the regime, "he said
251 collections, only 40 have been found to date
Over the years, SNI has produced a gigantic collection.The main records have been identified by the acronym ACE – Chronological Entry File – and have been numbered in direct order as and when they are produced. "It was only in the Central Agency that the numbering (ACE) reached 100,000 in 1978. They then set the count to zero. That's why, starting this year, the numbering is low, "says historian Pablo Franco, who works with the dictatorship's collection in the National Archives, where the material is stored today.
Unfortunately, only a small part of this material was saved. "The SNI was the" head "of the information system, but the other bodies created in the regime were feeding the SNI, so you have the Center (CIMM) and Cimar (aeronautics), which monitored the army of forces, but also society in general, within each public body of each university. said Pablo.
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National Archives / Reproduction
"We know from documentary sources, for example, that there was a security and information division within the Ministry of Education, but the MEC never found the documents. produced by this division, we do not know where the documents are, "he says.
Since 2008, National Archives historians who have investigated this historical period have identified 251 intelligence agencies and directions, but only 40 of them have seen their documents found, according to Pablo.
Vélez Rodríguez and the theology of liberation
Born in Bogota, Colombia, and naturalized Brazilian, Vélez Rodríguez is a philosopher and theologian of the formation. He arrived at the post of Minister of Education of the future government after being indicated by the guru also philosopher and conservative Olavo de Carvalho. In his blog, Vélez says that Brazilians have lived in recent years as "the hostages of an education system alien to their lives and listening to the attempt to impose on the society an indoctrination of a scientific nature and rooted in Marxist ideology, cultural revolution gramsciana "
As a teacher – and stranger – Vélez has not escaped the # 39 vigilant eye of the regime's information community.
In a document dating from 1985, the Office of Security and Information (ASI) of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) asks to verify information about him in the database of National Information System (NIS) data before baduming them. the position of professor. Another section of the file of the same year records the presence of Vélez in a seminar of philosophy organized by the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro and the Brazilian Society of Catholic Philosophers in October of that year – and considered with suspicion by the military .
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Ricardo Vélez Rodríguez's articles on the theology of liberation have sometimes been mentioned by the army in internal badyzes
In addition, SNI reports also occasionally cite Velez as an author of studies and articles criticizing the theology of liberation – a leftwing wing of the Church Catholic, appeared in Latin America and for which the teachings of Jesus include the fight against social injustices.
One of the records of the 1980s reproduces a pbadage from an article of the future minister in which he states that the current theologian Leonardo Boff represented a "progressive penetration of the Union. soviet on our continent by politicization and radicalization (…) ". In another article, published in the newspaper O Estado do Paraná and quoted by the army, Rodríguez says that the theology of liberation makes a "biased reading" of the biblical text.
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The articles of Vélez on the theology of liberation were read by the SNI and quoted in
Augusto Heleno vs. Lars Grael's Father
Paranaense of Curitiba, Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira is the closest army to President-elect Jair Bolsonaro. Even before the start of the electoral race, he led the meetings of the formulator group of the PSL candidate's government program.
In the newspapers of the dictatorship already digitized and accessible to the public, Heleno, elected to the post of President of the Republic, appears only once. This is a January 1984 file on the election of the Board of Directors of the Rio de Janeiro Military Club, to be held in May.
Heleno – who was then commander of the army – was part of the plate "in power" in the conflict for the command of the club. According to the record, his group would have benefited from the support of the then Minister of the Army, Walter Pires de Carvalho and Albuquerque. The Heleno plate was headed by a three-star general named Tbado Villar de Aquino. Heleno was an alternate member of the Tax Council.
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National Archives
On the other side was the plaque "National Sovereignty".
"Among the members of this chapel (" Soberania "), there are difficult and undisciplined soldiers, such as colonists Tarcisio Celio Carvalho Nunes and Dickson Melges Grael, whose annoying behavior is well known," says an excerpt folder.
Dickson Melges Grael is the father of sailors Lars and Torben Grael. The following year, in 1985, he published a book revealing information about the Riocentro bombing – when two soldiers tried to blow up a bomb at a musical show commemorating Labor Day in Rio.
With the support of the government of the day. President João Figueiredo, Heleno won the plate and got 4,175 votes against 2,500 from the opposition group.
In November of this year, the economist Carlos Von Doellinger was appointed by the economic guru of Bolsonaro, Paulo Guedes, to badume the presidency of the Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea).
Doellinger was a researcher at Ipea. He also taught at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and chaired the State Bank of Rio, the former Banerj. But in May 1985, in the first civilian government, the Cisa (Aeronautical Information Center) considered it a "communist infiltration".
Carlos Von Doellinger was included in a list of "Communist infiltrators" in 1985.
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Doellinger's East presented to the government on March 15, 1985, when Maranhão Jose Sarney took office as the first civilian president after the cycle of ruling generals in Brazil. On the same day, the Official Journal announced the appointment of the Sarney esplanade. Francisco Dornelles, now Acting Governor of Rio, has been appointed Minister of Finance. And he took with him Doellinger, who was appointed deputy secretary general of the ministry.
In May 1985, the Cisa produced a dossier entitled "Communist Infiltration in the various sectors of activity". "… the elements listed below, appointed to positions and functions of confidence in organs of the executive power, have recorded negative antecedents in this center," the document says.
The list of people with "antecedents" is long and ideologically heterogeneous. It includes Cláudio Lembo (who would be PS Governor by the PSDB), Dilson Funaro (now Treasury Minister); Dorothea Werneck (arrived the Minister of Labor); Carlos Alberto Menezes Direito (Minister of the STF); Cláudio Fonteles (former Attorney General) and even economic journalist Carlos Alberto Sardenberg.
The paper then describes other areas in which there would have been a "communist infiltration", including in the reformulation of higher education.
Although the government is already civilian, the SNI continues to exist and is under military command. The body was completely dismantled only in 1990.
Carlos Von Doellinger finally left the government a few months later, in August 1985. There are other documents mentioning this economist – usually reports on its participation in regional conventions.
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Antônio Flávio Testa (carrying the letter "A" on it) identified on a photograph of the Brazilian UnB considered "subversive"
ASI-UnB, during the demonstration
Antônio Flávio Testa is a retired political scientist and professor at the University of Brasilia (UnB). He is also a technical advisor to the federal Senate. Even before the start of the official campaign, he collaborated with the group of military and specialists to formulate proposals for Jair Bolsonaro.
"I am neither left nor right, and I do not consider Bolsonaro on the right, nor Lula on the left and on the left, Are two programmers," he told O Globo newspaper in September 2018
However, in the 1970s, Testa was a graduate student of UnB and participated in the student movement of the time. As a result, he was constantly monitored by the UnB Security and Information Office (ASI), which was the branch of SNI within the university.
In 1976, Testa was one of the boards of directors of the Central Directory of Students (DCE), the main student body of the university. He competed as director of sports, in the Oficina plate.
An investigation was initiated against Testa, but he stated that he was not obliged to react to the act.
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For the United Kingdom, the Testa Group and the the opposing plate, called Unity, was "subversive". "The pamphlets distributed by the two plates contained an indiscipline (…), as well as being unfair to the government and the administration of UnB … In addition to containing l & rsquo; Incitement to clbad struggle, discord and disorder. " The election never took place: it had been suspended by university leaders and members of both councils – including Testa – had opened investigations.
At BBC News Brazil's report, Testa stated that he had not really responded to the investigation and that the episode had had no major consequences for him. . "Nothing (of consequence) .I was detained for a few hours," he said.
The name of Antônio Flávio Testa appears in several other documents produced by ASI-UnB during the 1970s. Any participation in a conference or demonstration was duly registered by the SNI branch at the time of publication. university, sometimes including photographs.
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