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Over the past 50 years, Gordon Moore, one of the founders of the Intel technology company specializing in the manufacture of microprocessors for computers, has made his predictions.
In 1965, the engineer said that every 18 months, microprocessors would become twice as fast, consume twice as much energy and would represent half the current size.
Shortly thereafter, he adjusted the calculation to indicate that it would take 24 months and not 18 years. This is how the so-called "Moore's Law" was born.
The entrepreneur has come to this hypothesis empirically, confirmed by the time.
In addition to claiming that computer processing capacity would increase exponentially, Moore predicted that, in parallel, the manufacturing cost of the components involved would decrease.
But there is a problem.
Which may contain the exponential increase
Transistors (electronic components that are part of microprocessor circuits and amplify electrical signals) have been reduced over time, but there will come a time when their size will not be able to continue.
If they are too small, they can not function properly. On the other hand, if many electrons are placed to speed up the work of the computer, the chip may burn.
The chip makers have been aware of these difficulties for many years, to such an extent that it has become so difficult and expensive to respect the law from Moore that many companies in the sector have thrown in the towel.
This does not mean, however, that the battle is lost.
The BBC summarized some technological innovations that should solve the problem. The quantum path
Instead of using bits (in traditional computing, it is the unit that switches "a" and "zero" in long sequences), quantum technology works with blocks called qubits or quantum bits. They use the almost magical properties of subatomic particles.
For example, electrons or photons can be in two states at once – a phenomenon called superposition. As a result, a computer qubit can perform calculations much faster than a conventional computer.
It would be as if a person were able to simultaneously navigate the many paths of a very complex labyrinth, as some scientists wish. Quantum computing.
Qubits can also influence each other, even if they are not physically connected, a process called "interlacing". In computer terms, this gives them the ability to make logical leaps that conventional computers could never achieve.
One of them is graphene, composed of carbon molecules and 40 times stronger than diamond
One of them is graphene, composed of carbon molecules and 40 times stronger than diamond. is a good candidate to replace silicon chips, because it is very good conductor of electricity.
American universities have already conducted experiments in which graphene transistors operate a thousand times faster than silicon transistors currently used Having a lower electrical resistance, the speed of graphene processors can be increased by the thousands, while using less energy than conventional technology.
This is a hypothetical electronic component designed by Leon Chua, a circuit theorist, in the early 1970s. [19659002] The logic of the proposal? This component will record the flow of electric current flowing and the resistor will adapt to this memory.
If they are organized correctly, the memristors could replace the transistors.
And as more memristors can be inserted into a chip, the computer would run faster and have more storage capacity.
4.
The Human Brain project, for example, is funded by the European Union and is dedicated to research on the human brain.
This is the case of Koniku, the first company dedicated to the development of electronic devices using real neurons.
How? They modify the DNA of the neurons so that they have certain peculiarities and remain alive for two years on a chip.
The goal of the company is to create real biological processors that combine the mathematical power of machines with the powerful cognitive abilities of the human brain. In practice, such processors could be used, for example, to detect the smell of drugs or explosives.
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