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Joênia Wapichana, elected Member of Parliament, was the first Aboriginal woman to obtain her law degree in Brazil.
"This painting represents the first woman and I still use it," says lawyer Joaia Wapichana, showing a set of lines and circles painted before her eyes a few hours after receiving the United Nations. last Tuesday in New York
The design of the centenary reconstitutes the pioneering trajectory of the 44-year-old Brazilian. In 1997, she was the first Aboriginal woman to study law in the country. In 2004, the first to go to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in Washington to denounce the violations of the Brazilian state.
In 2008, she was the first to defend a case in the Federal Supreme Court. Three years later, she became the first to complete a master's degree at a university in the United States.
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" I've always been a minority where I stayed, "she said in an interview with BBC News Brazil. "I've always been a minority where I stayed," she said in an interview with BBC News Brazil. "Which has pushed me to prove that we are capable, that the Indian is not inferior and that he just has an opportunity, he grabs it."
In just over an hour of conversation, she remembers her studies at the Boa Vista School. (RR), where she was the only native, called pejoratively "caboclinha". When she pbaded the fifth college entrance exam for a degree in law from a federal university, she was asked if she would understand what the professors would say.
"When I pbaded the entrance exam, I remember people who seemed to be saying" you're wrong in line, "he says. [19659005] "The Face of the Amazon" joins a troupe of laureates, including some of the most famous names in history, such as Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and Malala Yousafzai.
Established in 1968, the United Nations Human Rights Award is considered as a kind of Nobel Peace Prize awarded by the United Nations – many of its laureates also receiving the highest honor on the planet.
Bolsonaro and "Acculturation"
At the same time that Joênia was shaking hands with the UN Secretary General, António Guterres, the President of the General Assembly, María Fernanda Espinosa, and the old Chilean President and High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, the future Brazilian government on t discussed the "integration of Indians into society" by examining the demarcation of indigenous lands such as Raposa Serra do Sol –
Image Legend [19659090] Established in 1968, the Rights Prize of the UN man is perceived as a kind of Nobel Peace Prize awarded by the UN Na
President-elect Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) often justifies the idea by saying that "Indians must integrate into society."
"Why, in Brazil, does the Indian have to stay home like he's a man of age This can not go on anymore," said Facebook's president-elect, while the Brazilian was traveling in the corridors of the UN headquarters in New York.
"I grew up between two worlds: the urban community and the indigenous community," said the lawyer at BBC News Brazil.
"I can very well be what you are without ceasing to be me."
And she explains: "The indigenous land is a house, but we are not imprisoned if it does not want to, and we can come in and out at any time, we are Brazilian citizens who have rights and the Constitution guarantees us the power to come and go. "
the advocate, it makes no sense to loosen the right to land of the natives of citizenship, the search for spaces or new knowledge.
"The demarcation is not a favor, it does not depend on the opinion of the governments, it is a duty of the State, defined by the Constitution as an obligation of the Brazilian State, and not having no connection with the fact that an Indian has a course, the technology. "
The report recalls that it is common for people to react negatively to images of Indians carrying cell phones or clothes mark in demarcated areas – as opposed to the inhabitants of isolated tribes or the naked Indians discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500.
"I could demand that whites wear these wigs, these calçonsas (from Cabral's time)." Culture is not stagnant for anyone, it is dynamic and the Brazilian people know it, "he says." There is progress, we acquire citizenship, and that is not why the culture was lost. Culture is beliefs, way of life, thought, roots and language. "Language, but that's not why they stop being indigenous."
For Joênia, " whether indigenous or not.
"The fact that an Indian goes to a university to paint his hair blond, use a laptop, speak English, live in the United States will not take away his identity." Bolsonaro in the community (Aboriginal) he can live there for 30 years, but he will not become Indian. "
In an interview with O Globo newspaper on Tuesday, former STF minister Ayres Britto agreed.
"Once the state has paid a historic civilizing debt, it can no longer reverse the payment and become a debtor … The logic of the Constitution was not to replace the Indian culture by that of the whites on
"Observer the people"
Invited to give lectures all over the world, Joênia is now an international reference in the "right of prior consultation" – created by the ILO 169 ( International Labor Organization) Consultations with indigenous communities and quilombolas for the use, management and conservation of their territories Brazil and 19 other countries ratified it in 1989.
"I've always been a minority where I've been. This has led me to prove that we are capable," says Wapichana
As a lawyer – and now elected federal MP with 8,491 votes for the Network – the routine is quite different from that of Roraima's poor childhood
"My mother thought that # She had to put her children in school, which I think is correct, there was a school in the community at that time, so we moved to Boa Vista and had a part of it. of my childhood, "he recalls.
In Boa Vista, my mother sold fruit, flour, tapioca, worked at the house of the people. Our family has always been humble.
The youngest of a family of eight children, she claims to have had her first official job at the age of fourteen "by registering in a church".
"I was the only Aboriginal person in a non-aboriginal school and it was very bad to be different from the others, they were farmer children, people from the United States. Roraima outside, and children often reproduce what their parents say.Beautiful Vista, they usually call the Indian a caboclo, they said, "Ah, this caboclinha "." For us, it is a crime, like "indiozinho", "indiazinha", which belittles our origin. I may not have realized it at the time, but today I see for my nephew, the people I saw grow up and suffer. "
Joênia says she does not care badly.
" I learned very early to observe people, Wapichana is very patient, he speaks softly, he hears before he speaks, he observes, it's cultural, you think that he understands nothing, he's calm, he acquires knowledge like this. While the whole world has wreaked havoc, I have listened. "
Raposa-Serra do Sol
Main topic of discussion on indigenous peoples in the current transitional team of the Bolsonaro government, the demarcation of the territory of Raposa-Serra do Sol was the first work bringing visibility Joena, which since its formation uses the name of its people as family name
with a thousand square kilometers and over 20,000 Indians, the region is one of the largest demarcations in the country and is the subject Since at least the beginning of the last century, the land was delimited by the then president, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and conflicts continued in the region, mainly due to conflicts between residents and residents. rice producers (or "rice farmers") who settled in the region in the 1970s. As a lawyer,
In 2008, tension in the region worsened and the gove The government even sent soldiers from the National Forca to the withdrawal of rice farmers, who had been working for more than 10 years defending the interests of indigenous peoples fighting for farmers. resisted Without solution, the case eventually came to the STF.
The following year, during a historic session, the court determined that the lands belonged to the Union after the participation of Joênia, who had for the first time wapichana the language before the largest court in the country to defend his people orally. "
" I specialized in the demarcation of land and I did not just appear in the Supreme Court, it was the result of a long work, "he notes
"This was an emblematic case because the Supreme Court had the opportunity to badyze in detail 11 ministers and take a stand. The STF had decided that the Raposa-Serra do Sol process, which was an area permanently delimited, "
According to Joênia, the court confirmed what the Constitution had already said since 1988.
" That we are aboriginal peoples, that is, we are entitled to boundaries that take into account the environment, the spiritual and the traditional, that we create aboriginal lands not only for the time being but for future generations. They badyzed the anthropological report to see if the rights of individuals or third parties had been harmed. that nothing was fraudulent, "he says.
" Even this question that still talks about the Amazon, which Indians internationalize, sell to Americans, The Supreme Court replied: No, the indigenous land belongs to the Union itself. It is a public land that has a different possession, exclusive possession, but the Indigena can not dispose of it, or the Union alienate it. collective use. "
According to the decision, the presence of an indigenous people in the territory does not allow mining.The armed forces have in turn the right to enter the land without consulting the Indians nor the FUNAI in case of risks or threats.
Federal Deputy
After the victory in Brasilia, Joênia accepted the invitation of the University of
"I have always wanted to improve my international law to better defend myself, I went to learn English from scratch, I spent a year and a half studying English until the success of examinations. "
" I now go from Joênia to a parliamentarian and it will be a new job for me. "
She says that
" Contrary to the whites' self-proclaimed policy, I I was appointed by an aboriginal badembly to participate in politics and they voted to indicate, "he says. [19659] 005] The beginnings of an indigenous woman in more than a century of legislature in Brazil will occur alongside the possession of one of the most conservative legislatures in the history of Brazil.
"Indigenous communities do not constitute an obstacle to development: the economic planning of a state must be made from the reality of the world". land demarcations, not just a wait or a boycott of demarcation procedures to think the economy, "says the new MP for Roraima – whose territory is formed at 46.7% by indigenous lands.
" In another space dominated by whites, he expects to rely more on society than on politicians. "
" If that is not done so far, I see it as a lack of capacity. "
" If on one side there are half a dozen rural people, on the other a minority population that feels represented by me. It's a population that needs representation. The old policy is formed of people thinking only about the individual benefits I will also have networks of supporters, people who understand the importance of indigenous peoples in the world and who make them more and more visible. "
" I told you: I've always been a minority. "
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