Retrospective 2018: the health problems most studied by Brazilians during the year | Retrospective 2018

Understand each of these health problems and how to prevent and treat it:

transmitted by mosquitoes Haemagogus and Sabethes in its wild version recorded in Brazil, 483 deaths between 2017 and 2018 – 1,376 cases. The increase in the number of registries by the country has generated increased demand for the vaccine available in the Unified Health System (UAS). Since March, the Ministry of Health has started to recommend vaccination throughout the country.

Vaccination is the best way to avoid infection with the virus. The dose is available in the basic health units (UBS). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the vaccine must be applied once and is worth for life. If you are traveling in areas of forest, forest or beach where the risk is higher, it is important to receive the dose 10 days in advance.

In Brazil, the disease is in its wild version. The urban version, transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti has not been confirmed since 1942. Nevertheless, it is important to protect oneself in the big cities.

The virus is transmitted by the bite of an infected transmitter mosquito and there is no direct transmission from person to person. The initial symptoms of yellow fever include the sudden onset of fever, chills, severe headache, back pain, general body pain, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and weakness.

The Ministry of Health informs that treatment It is only symptomatic, "with careful badistance to the patient who, undergoing hospitalization, must remain at rest, with fluid replacement and blood loss, when indicated. In severe forms, the patient should be treated in an intensive care unit to reduce complications and the risk of death. "

According to a report of the World Health Organization (WHO) published in February 2017, Brazil is a world record in the prevalence of anxiety disorders: 9.3% of the population suffers from this problem, either 18.6 million people in total.

It is important to remember that there is a difference between natural anxiety, which comes before a test, for example – and what is it?

In an interview with the BBC, PhD and researcher Olivia Remes of the Department of Public Health and Primary Care of the University of Cambridge in England, explains that generalized anxiety disorders are characterized by frequent feelings of fear, agitation and "takeover"

"When a person has a tight deadline or urgency at work, feel anxious and it is normal. But there are people who care about every point of their life and can not get rid of it. "

• How to Manage Anxiety?"

Some of the tips for improving symptoms range from practicing physical exercises to meditation to getting treatment.

"When you do exercise, you decrease your anxiety level and you have more energy. You simply feel better overall, "said Remes, who also believes in therapy as the best way to treat the disorder.

The BBC report cites a study from the University of New Jersey in which researchers have concluded that practicing exercise and meditation twice a week for 30 minutes each can help people who "brood" thoughts – common in anxious people.

See more tips for to deal with the disease

About 80% of users The disease is caused by two viruses: the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and the herpes simplex virus (virus of the Herpes simplex) When the person is stressed, for example, cortisol increases and immunity decreases, so the virus is activated and the wound begins to spread. thing happens when the woman has her period. Excessive efforts, fever, sun exposure and local trauma are other factors that can trigger herpes.

Experts say how to prevent: avoid excessive sun exposure, use sunscreen, avoid stress, eat well, sleep well and avoid constantly poking in your mouth.

Treatment is done with antiviral drugs – always with a prescription. Normally, when the person uses the medication early, the cycle lasts four days.

According to WHO, about half of the world's population suffers from headaches. The problem concerns people of all ages, races, income levels and geographical areas. Up to 4% of adults in the world suffer from headaches for more than 15 days, every month. The WHO considers it the sixth most disabling disease in the world.

According to the Organization, "headaches cause significant personal suffering, a deterioration in the quality of life and financial costs" for those who suffer from it. In addition, diseases such as anxiety and depression are more common in migraine sufferers, says WHO. Migraine, a disease considered a syndrome with one of the symptoms of headache, affects 3 out of 10 adults worldwide.

The headache does not mean, however, that the person necessarily has a migraine. In an interview with the BBC, neurologist Andrew Blumenfeld explained some warning signs indicating that the headache may actually be a migraine:

• pain from one side of the head,
• pain throbbing,
• pain between moderate and severe
• nausea;
• sensitivity to light or sound

Learn more about the problem.

According to BBC reports, doctors believe that the excessive use of painkillers, anti-inflammatories and coffee as an antidote to headaches creates a "rebound effect" and aggravates them. the weather. According to the researchers, the safe dose for painkillers for headaches is two days a week.

But if you realize that you need to take medication twice a week or more, it's worth considering a preventive treatment, according to neurologist Blumenfeld. To do this, you should contact a specialist – with your "headache diary", preferably to make the diagnosis.

Diabetes is a syndrome of different origins, caused by a lack of insulin and / or by the inability of insulin to exert its effects on the body. ;organization. It is produced in the pancreas and is responsible for glucose metabolism. As a result, diabetic patients have high doses of blood sugar permanently. It is important to maintain adequate and consistent treatment.

The Department of Health makes the following recommendations:

1. Maintaining normal weight
2. No smoking
3. Controlling blood pressure
4. Avoiding drugs that could harm the pancreas
5. Treatment consists of in a daily examination of the feet to avoid the occurrence of injuries, healthy eating and sugar restrictions, the practice of physical activity and the use of drugs.

• Diabetes: answers to the 5 most frequently asked questions about the disease

According to the WHO report, 11.5 million Brazilians suffer from depression. Symptoms of the disease include lack of willingness to do things, irritability, trouble sleeping, fatigue, easy crying, and lack of memory or concentration.

• The series & # 39; Depression: we must talk about it & # 39; shows the causes of the disease affecting 11 million Brazilians

"Being sad is part of life Nobody will miss the most difficult moments – but depression is much more than sadness. risk all their lives, it interferes with sleep, food, bad, productive capacity, "says psychiatrist Carmita Abdo.

Depression is of genetic origin and affects people of different ages, from children to the elderly. Stress situations and traumatic events can alter genes and help to portray depression. There is a chemical imbalance in the brain of a neurotransmitter called serotonin. At adequate levels, the person suffers neither anxiety nor depression: the mood is regulated.

A study in Norway of 34,000 participants without symptoms of anxiety or depression was followed for eleven years. According to the results, sedentary people were 44% more likely to suffer from depression than those who did at least one hour of physical activity per week.

There are drugs that help fight the disease, acting to combat the chemical imbalance that occurs in the brain. But beware, the remedies have different effects in each person – so it is often necessary to modify or adjust the doses. In addition, the effects may take a few weeks to appear. There are also foods that can relieve some of the symptoms and treatment can also help with the treatment.