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The Brazilian government invests more in education than developed countries, but occupies the last positions in international performance evaluations. Gross domestic product, or sum of all wealth produced by the country) against 5.5% of the OECD average (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). It also pays more than Argentina (5.3%), Colombia (4.7%), Chile (4.8%), Mexico (5.3%) and the United States (5%). , 4%).
more On the other hand, the quality of Brazilian education remains very precarious. In 2015, Brazil ranked 63rd in the world, 59th in reading and 66th in mathematics among 70 countries. Brazil is better than the Dominican Republic in all of Latin America.
In an interview with BBC News Brazil, Claudia Costin, former senior director of education at the World Bank and currently a professor at the FGV-RJ, said the priorities of the new president should be in her opinion. First, we must invest in career development and teacher training. "No one wants to be a teacher anymore, and what is taught in the faculty of education is far from school."
"Finally, we must think of a school that would be better suited to
After successfully increasing the number of children enrolled in the school, Brazil has shown skill in providing quality public education and equality across the entire territory
.] The most recent data from the Basic Education Development Index (Ideb), published in September, indicate that no state has been able to To achieve the goals set for secondary, the most problematic stage of Brazilian education.On a scale of zero to 10, the goal was an average of 4.7 last year.
In addition, five states – Amazonas, Roraima, Amapá, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro – saw their grades drop out of high school. [1965] 9003] Problems are already starting in the country According to Patricia Mota Guedes, head of research and development at Itaú Social, "Brazil has improved a lot. in the early years of primary school (from the 1st to the 5th grade) and the vast majority of years reach their goals at this stage. (But) we notice a big bottleneck in the last years of basic education and great stagnation in high school. "[19659004]" Behind this, we have not only student performance difficulties, but also increased repetition rates, a gap between the student's age and clbad and (therefore) a risk of dropping out of school. ", explains Guedes
Economics [196] 59007] Brazil has recorded only 1% growth last year, the highest growth after Venezuela (Photo: Kako Abraham / BBC) "height =" 351 "src =" https://s2.glbimg.com/BNrFPfNiQ_O8c3khItoRNmH7whE=/e.glbimg Brazil recorded only 1% growth last year, the weakest growth after Venezuela (Photo: Kako Abraham / BBC) "width =" 0 "/> Brazil rose only 1% last year, its strongest growth after Venezuela (Photo: Kako Abraham / BBC)
After two years of recession, the Brazilian economy grew again last year. when he recorded a 1% increase. According to the IMF, Brazil is expected to grow by 1.4% this year and 2.5% by 2019.
Even if the forecasts are confirmed, it will be the third largest growth
Although the interest rate has reached its lowest historical level (6%), the Brazilian economy is still in crisis. , 5%), due in part to the decline in inflation (4.05% of the accumulation of the last 12 months), Brazil is still spending more than it perceives.
 )
Last year, Brazil was posting the second highest unemployment rate in the world. 39 Latin America, after Haiti, according to the United Nations Development Program Based on information provided by the International Labor Organization (ILO).
Quota outside the labor force, c. That is, Brazilians who do not work or do not look for work, reached 65.5 million, the highest of
"We must resolve our distributive conflict in case of emergency. "
Structural bottlenecks, such as lack of infrastructure, also make it difficult to take over the that is, a state that spends more money than it earns, "explains Samuel Pessôa, PhD economics professor (FGV-RJ).
"The president must use the power of the vote to perform his duties as a teacher, and govern the Congress, which is responsible for the design of the tax adjustment.If we do not resolve this, we will not leave
In addition, Brazil has about 50 million people, a quarter of its population, living on the poverty line and whose family income is less than R $ 387, according to a survey by December 2017. IBGE, based on 2016 data.
The monthly household income of R $ 387 was, at the time, $ 5.5 per day, a criterion adopted by the World Bank. to define poverty
"The situation is particularly serious among the 7.4 million inhabitants of households where black or brown women live without a spouse with children under 14 years of age. Of these, 64% were below this income range, "said an IBGE release.
A Trends Consulting survey based on IBGE data revealed a increase in extreme poverty per capita income) in virtually all states of the country, reaching the highest level in at least seven years
Between the years of the greatest recession in the country's history, extreme poverty increased by an average of 1.7 percentage points in Brazil – according to the survey, this increase reached 5 percentage points in Bahia, 5.6 in Acre and 4.8 in Sergipe.
Health
. Brazil has never had as many doctors as last year. According to the 4th edition of the survey on medical demography conducted in Brazil in 2018, 451,777 were performed by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP), with the support of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) and the Regional Medical Council of the State of São Paulo (FMUSP). Cremesp)
But the average per thousand inhabitants (2.18) is lower than that of OECD countries (3.4). Brazil has proportionately fewer physicians than Mexico, South Korea and the United States
. In addition, they are poorly distributed throughout the country: in the south-east and south reach 2.81 and 2.31. in the northeast are only 1.41 per thousand inhabitants.
To get an idea, since 2010, Brazil has lost 34,000 beds on the public network, 12 closed per day. established by the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) from data from the National Register of Health Institutions of the Ministry of Health.
This year, only 3.6% of the federal government's budget went to health. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), this proportion is well below the world average of 11.7%, and is not expected to change in the coming years, due to the approval of the World Health Organization (WHO). change in spending limit.
Brazil had celebrated in 2016 when the World Health Organization (WHO) considered measles as a disease eradicated. in the country after one year without a criminal record. However, the virus is back: on October 22, the Ministry of Health confirmed 2,425 cases of the disease, including at least 12 deaths. Some of the more than 8,000 suspected cases being investigated are concentrated in the Amazon and Roraima and are attributable to the measles epidemic that is affecting neighboring Venezuela.
The Ministry of Health is also concerned about the possible return of other serious diseases already eradicated in the country, such as polio and rubella.
Preliminary data from the department indicate that until August 2018, children under two years of age had a 50% vaccination coverage. the ideal is that the coverage is between 90% and 95%, to prevent viruses from circulating.
"We must reverse this scenario and not enter the third year of Carla Domingues, coordinator of the national immunization program of the Ministry of Health, said:" low immunization coverage.
The last vaccination campaign, completed in September, vaccinated 10.7 million children against polio and measles, but several vaccines cover below the desired level – less than 60% of children less than two years old. Pentavalent, for example, has been protecting against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B for less than 54 years, and less than 54% have taken the tetravirus, measles, mumps, rubella and chicken pox.
According to the diagnosis of the Ministry, the problems should be attacked with the misconception that vaccination is not necessary against low or no circulation diseases; the difficulty for many families to visit the health centers during their opening hours; and misinformation caused by rumors linking vaccines and side effects to vaccines.
"Many people are unaware of the risk (…) and are more concerned about the possible side effects than the prevention of diseases considered serious".
Between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality rate, an indicator that measures the number of deaths per 100 deaths, 1,000 live births, dropped by 57% from 143 to 62 deaths. However, the following year, it increased to 64.4 (although the absolute number of deaths decreased).
Maternal death is that which occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or up to 42 days after childbirth, whether it is related or aggravated. pregnancy About 92% of maternal deaths are preventable and their main causes in Brazil are hypertension during pregnancy, bleeding, postpartum infections and complications of abortions.
The Ministry of Health notes in a note that ""
But medical specialists are concerned that it may be the harbinger of a reversal of the downward trend seen since the 1990s
"It is disturbing that it is confirmed as an increase by mortality Maternal and child health is not only an indicator of these specific segments, but also of the state of society in its overall and increasing social inequalities in Brazil, "said Greice Menezes, a physician and researcher at the Integrated Program for Gender Equality and Health of the Institute of Health and Wellness.
"This is a reflection of recent policies of fiscal adjustment and poverty alleviation, social exclusion, SUS defunciamento, lack of (doctors), huge distances that women ( in the inside r land) must travel in the event of obstetric complications and disruption of antenatal care networks. "
Data collected by the Abrinq Foundation confirm that federal health care programs
The Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco) points to a similar concern with regard to infant mortality, which, although has dropped in absolute numbers – from 37,500 in
The Ministry of Health stresses, however, that this is due to the reduction in the birth rate of the Brazilian population
] Public Security
This country is one of the most violent in the world, with an average of 30.8 homicides per 100,000 population or 175 deaths per 100,000 population. day.
367 police officers were also killed, one per day. The number of deaths during police interventions has increased by 20%, reaching 5,144 (or 14 per day).
The reporting of violence against women has also increased considerably in Brazil. In 2017, 60,018 rapes were registered, an increase of 8.4% compared to 2016.
Cases of domestic violence reached 606 per day (221,238 in total).
Brazil also has the third largest prison population in the world after the United States and China – and penitentiaries are increasingly overcrowded
There are 729,463 inmates, of whom 37% are in remand , that is, they have not yet been judged. However, the sector officially has only 367,217 vacancies.
The sector is another country with few resources – compared to total state spending, public security spending accounts for 2.5% of GDP, compared with 4.5%. (But) public security is not made with hatred, but on the basis of earthiness, "Daniel Cerqueira, researcher at the OECD, told BBC News." First, we need to change this rhetoric of fear, and second, use the diagnosis, planning and method, and third, implement social prevention actions to prevent "
For Cerqueira, the new president must" personally engage in the lives of the people in using its position to articulate intersectoral policies. "
" Although public safety is a matter for governors, the president must also rely on this responsibility. It must be based on a tripod: initiation, funding and training, "he said.
" The federal government can, for example, offer more resources to states that demonstrate effective management public safety with the help of reliable statistics.
Corruption
As a result of accusations and arrests of Lava Jato, corruption was one of the central themes of the presidential campaign. Over the past four years, Brazilians have seen major parties and politicians involved in Petrobras' plan to divert public resources.
In 2017, Brazil lost 17 places in the 2017 rankings of the Corruption Perception Index, which measures
In other words, it reinforced the perception there is a lot of corruption in Brazil. Our country ranks 96th out of a list of 180 countries, considered more corrupt than countries. as East Timor, Senegal and Morocco.
"The President has the challenge to deal with Lava Jato and this new agenda that is the fight against corruption.There is no way to get back on this agenda.Even because people have began to feel that money is being diverted from what is missing in the health system, education, "says Luciana Veiga, professor of political science at the Federal State University of Rio de Janeiro (Unirio)
According to her, the great challenge is to guarantee "governability" in a system of fragmentation of parties in the National Congress: to form a majority in the legislative votes and approve the projects, the president must make alliances with various parties policies – there are 25 acronyms with representation in the Chamber of Deputies
According to the indictments of the Attorney General's Office, the scandal of the month and corruption in Petrobras on which was investigated the operation was it is a ploy to bring political support to the federal government. The question is how to continue to advance the anti-corruption agenda while ensuring governance and bringing Brazil back to a positive agenda of economic development, health seeking and education. "
