The Cuban Revolution celebrates its 60th anniversary on Tuesday (1st) without Fidel Castro, who died late in 2016, while the Communist island, through reforms, seeks to avoid economic ruin.
Santiago de Cuba (south-east) receives a symbolic commemorative act held at the foot of the tombs of the national hero José Martí and Fidel and which should be supported by a speech by Raúl Castro, who, like other historical personalities removed from public life, while retaining the keys to power.
For the first time since 1976, Cuba has a president without the surname Castro: Miguel Díaz-Canel, 58, who repeats "we are the continuity" and who said Thursday that "the Cuban revolution is invincible, , hard. "Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel and Raul Castro – Photo: Reuters / Alexandre Meneghini / Pool" title = "Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel, pool" src = "data: image / jpeg; base64, / 9j / 4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD / 2wBDAAMCAgMCAgMDAwMEAwMEBQgFBQQEBQoHBwYIDAoMDAsKCwsNDhIQDQ4RDgsLEBYQERMUFRUVDA8XGBYUGBIUFRT / 2wBDAQMEBAUEBQkFBQkUDQsNFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBT / wgARCAARABkDASIAAhEBAxEB / 8QAGgAAAwADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQFAQIGB EABcBAAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIDBAH // / // 2gAMAwEAAhADEAAAAY0uKrJQ7O26rR8jXBi2cgB 8QAHxAAAQMDBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwIEBQABMgYSFiQx / 9oACAEBAAEFAlEuhJHohOVQo3ch1q1Bsu7mZYbocVJgaG5hHUnxWCMK / 8QAGREAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAxFB / 9oACAEDAQE / AXZgmSOH / 8QAGhEAAgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECMQMRIf / aAAgBAgEBPwGONOPRp7I0Oz // xAApEAACAQMBBQkBAAAAAAAAAAABAgMABBEhEDEycdESExQiNUFSYZOi / 9oACAEBAAY / AgkmVmOPI2jGjvSM6P2wd / x50wjvGWVVzgR 3WuC7 + / + moLu3kjcMBnu3BwRU8sUiYuG1hPGuNxqS7uvESzNoBEQAw zXpc / 7jpTbby AAAAAAAAAAAABESEAMUEQUaGxgZHh / 9oACAEBAAE / IQHJghcDS8tY5KIsRBrS0fGa1C8uxtfpGR + bLEpFprCw1Nb7ZGScIw3Xi9U8ZOCbQsSIMWEQdMflGeo9Z4Lp / 9oADAMBAAIAAwAAABC4wF7 / xAAdEQACAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARExwSFRcYHh / 9oACAED EQA / EGSjfD8XYm1pJZcZYqH / xAAaEQEAAwADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABABExobHw / 9oACAECAQE / EBTa858wqCknZNJ // 8QAHhABAQACAwEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAREAITFB8BBRYcH / 2gAIAQEAAT8QfCjbuws6FLuyYZqGSSjJiIagVTQlYqzjjrZBt9ze88n / AHLpYG9oswY0tTvDQie4NE7wLTlMZHeh9moBHIrvXyt7P7zn9aZ7H4 + f / 9k = "/>
The Cuban Presidents Miguel Diaz-Canel and Raúl Castro – Photo: Reuters / Alexander Meneghini / Pool
The new Cuban Constitution, which will be the subject of a referendum on February 24, ratifies Communism in as a social objective, while recognizing the role of the market, private property and foreign investment, and guarantees that Cuba "will never come back" capitalism.
The Communist Party (CCP) continues to be "unique" and "the superior political force of the state and society".
But society has changed and there will soon be, for example, millionaires baseball players on the island as a result of the recent agreement reached with the major leagues of the United States.
Soldiers, doctors and teachers became a sort of ambbadador of the Cuban revolution when the purely romantic image with which bearded comrades of Fidel Castro took over the island in 1959.
They have gone from armed violence understanding and humanitarian aid to Latin America, Africa and Asia. Ideological reference to socialism, Cuba resists the blockade of the United States, which calls into question its unipartisanism and lack of political freedoms.
Catalan Carlos Garcia Pleyán lived in France during the May 1968 demonstrations. When he found a copy of Fidel Castro's "History Will Absolve", he began his idyll in Cuba.
"I was dazzled … In the summer of 1969, I was already in Havana to explore work opportunities.The following year, I got my degree and I was definitely settled in Cuba, "said the sociologist and urban planner at AFP.
"Cuba of the 1960s was an example of revolutionary daring and social innovation that contrasted with the conservative European reality and appealed to all who defended social justice," he adds.
He seduced the couple of French philosophers Jean Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. Sartre wrote an anthological book, "Hurricane on Cuba".
Political scientist Luis Suarez, former politician Director of the Center for the Study of America, believes that this follows from two principles of the national hero José Martí: try to prevent the independence of Cuba from dominating the United States in Latin America and to recognize itself as part of a regional revolution, a "Second Independence"
Hence the "support that, with the exception of Mexico, Cuba offered to those who fought with weapons in their respective countries and to the various governments that … undertook changes favorable to their national and popular interests and favoring unity Latin America and the Caribbean. "
Algeria, the gateway to Africa
In 1961, Cuba's arms arrived for the National Liberation Front of Algeria. In 1963, the first Cubans arrived in Algeria and the first military contingent to support the Algerians in a territorial conflict with Morocco.
In 1963, the government of Ahmed Ben Bella. "We went to Africa to cooperate with African fighters to fight for the most sacred human right: freedom," Oscar Oramas, a young diplomat who has served in several African countries, told AFP. the request of Ernesto Che Guevara and Fidel Castro
Cuba supported the independence movements in Africa
For the enemies of Fidel, it was "the export of the revolution" to his followers, "a duty of internationalism."
In 1965, G uevara led a group of Cubans in the Belgian Congo and, two years later, an international guerrilla in Bolivia. Both movements failed.
Between the 1960s and 1980s, Cuba promoted the revolution to get a change. Soon he understood that it was better to seek a political, social and economic agreement to achieve it.
Cuban doctors, teachers, builders and technicians have increased their presence in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Meanwhile, thousands of soldiers marched in Angola and Ethiopia and military advisers in Nicaragua and Venezuela.
More than 300,000 Cubans, both military and civilian, crossed through Angola.
Programs such as "Yes, I can" (literacy), "Operation Miracle" (Ophthalmology) and others work in Latin America, including in conservative government countries.
Although Fidel Castro insists on the humanitarian nature of these programs, his participants become ambbadadors of the revolution.
Cuban doctors worked in 67 countries, some for free and others with an annual income of $ 11 billion.
The entry of Cuba into the Soviet bloc "has allowed the European intelligentsia to begin to diminish its fascination and romance," said García Pleyán.
In Latin America, "for the left and popular sectors, the Cuban Revolution continues to be a source of inspiration for internal changes," Suárez says.
For the Brazilian theologian Frei Betto, the Cuban revolution is "admirable", but not "imitable".
In the sectors of power, it is perceived as a need for "relations of respect and, if possible, of mutual convenience", and should prevent Cuba from "constituting an incident factor in the domestic politics" of their countries, says Suárez.
Tourists on the Markets In the end, the European Union normalized its relations with Cuba, moving away from Donald Trump's new hostile policy.
" L & rsquo; Latin America, a zone of peace "is its flag, a continent where the right wave is reborn within its governments, while the two great leaders of the continent: Fidel Castro (1926-2016) and Hugo Chávez ( 1954-2013)
Cuba has closed ranks with Venezuela, Bolivia and Nicaragua, which have resisted to strong pressure from Washington and asked them to build a broad front bringing together left and progressive forces and social movements, to meet these challenges.
A hostile scenario through which Cuba evolves with the experience of six decades.
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