Bolsonaro weakens Funai and casts a shadow over the country's socio-environmental future | Brazil
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The measure consists in concretizing a series of declarations of Bolsonaro throughout the campaign. The captain had already committed to blocking the demarcation of new lands. According to Funai data, there are currently 128 demarcation processes underway on land with more than 120,000 indigenous peoples of different ethnicities. Until then, it was incumbent on the entity to receive the claims of ethnic groups and carry out anthropological and geographical studies in support of the identification and delimitation of the traditional territory. "A farmer can not wake up today and suddenly learns from the porter that he will lose his farm to the benefit of a new native land," said the president-elect in December.
The former PSOL vice-president, the indigenous leadership Sonia Guajajara, used Twitter to criticize the measure. "FUNAI is no longer responsible for the identification, delimitation, demarcation and registration of indigenous lands." He left today in the Official Journal of the Union. "Anyone still has doubts about the campaign's exclusion promises?", He writes [19659002] In addition to the current demarcation processes, Bolsonaro also threatened to review some of the aboriginal lands already such as Raposa Serra do Sol in Roraima, home to about 20,000 indigenous people. The region was ratified in 2005 and in 2009, the Federal Supreme Court upheld the decision of President Lula at the time. However, the region has fertile land and is home to strategic mineral reserves, such as niobium and uranium, which arouse the interest of agribusiness and mining companies. "It's the richest region in the world you have to explore rationally, and on the side of the Indians who are paying royalties and integrating Indians into society," Bolsonaro said.
For jurists, however, the revision proposed by Bolsonaro would be unconstitutional. "The decision became final, it was a landmark decision, for the Indians it is a vested right, and after the state has paid historic and civilizing debt, it can no longer reverse the payment. become a debtor, "FST Minister Ayres Britto told the daily newspaper O Globo . And more security for the campaign? A farmer can not wake up today and suddenly notices that his farm will lose his land in favor of a new native land "
But not only are the traditional peoples who have their rights threatened. the campaign, the captain's speech was marked by strong rhetoric about the deregulation of protected areas, the creation of controls for inspectors and the reduction of bureaucracy in environmental licensing. had already begun to take shape with the appointment of agri-food-related ministers.
Gathering closer to MPs and Senators linked to the soybean and agriculture trade – the two most responsible for deforestation in Brazil, with the logging companies – is evident in the choice of the first step of the future government. Minister of Agriculture, Tereza Cristina da Costa (DEM), for example, was given the nickname "Muse of Poison" for having commissioned a parliamentary committee that approved rules that make registration and registration more flexible. the use of agrochemicals in the country. in plenary). According to the report that he approved, the use of pesticides should be authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture, although agencies and regulators such as the National Health Surveillance Agency, for example, did not comment on the safety of chemists.
Other The key ministry for the preservation of natural resources, the Environment, will be under the direction of Ricardo de Aquino Salles, sentenced in December for administrative improbability. According to the public prosecutor, when he was head of the environmental department of Geraldo Alckmin's government (PSDB) in São Paulo, between 2016 and 2017, he would have changed the management plan of an area protection of the environment in order to favor businesses. private partnerships. Salles denies any irregularity and stated and noted that "there was no personal benefit, no damage to the environment and economic development".
One of the main environmental monitoring bodies, the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama), subordinate to the portfolio that will run Salles, is expected to not have an easy life in the new government. In early December, Bolsonaro had criticized a so-called "multiple industry" of the institute. "I am a defender of the environment, but in this Shiite way, in this case, no, I will not allow Ibama to condemn good and evil, as well as ICMBio [Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade] ]", did he declare. "This party will end," concluded the president-elect. Over time, he claimed to have been fined 10,000 Reais for something that had happened "at a time and a day during which I had put my finger on the voting committee. of Brasilia ".
The elected president also makes rehearsals. criticisms of an alleged bureaucracy related to the issuance of environmental licenses. "When you talk about environmental licenses, you have to cut down a tree that threatens to fall: it's hard to get a license, and it's fine if it kills that tree without proper authorization. For the captain, this "disturbs when a mayor, a governor, a president, wants to do an infrastructure job, a road, for example." Finally, Bolsonaro indicated where this "problem" usually occurs: "This often happens in the Amazon."
Threat to trade with the European Union
Bolsonaro's position on environmental issues provoked harsher reactions from Bolsonaro. In September, even during the campaign, he announced that, in the event of an election, he would withdraw the country from the Paris Agreement, which includes a series of measures to minimize the effects of global warming. ;agreement was signed in 2015 and Brazil is a signatory. He returned in October but was not enough to calm French President Emmanuel Macron, who said that "France will not support an agreement with those who do not respect the Paris Agreement," signaling that the negotiations already lethargic between the European Union and Mercosur could Bolsonaro said that "it is out of the question to automatically subject our territory, our laws and our sovereignty to positions of other nations".
The French President and the French President The German Chancellor has already clashed with Bolsonaro after declaring that Brazil would withdraw from the Paris Agreement
German Chancellor Angela Merkel had chanted the statements from Macron: "Time is running out for an agreement between the European Union and Mercosul, this should happen soon, otherwise, with Brazil's new government, it will surely not be easy." Dust of controversy between leaders and the captain had not yet settled when he said that Brazil would not host the United Nations in 2019 at the twenty-fifth session of the Conference of the Parties. On his Twitter account, the president-elect said the decision was based on cost reduction: "We have not hosted the United Nations World Climate Conference because it would cost more than R $ 500 million. Brazil and will be held soon, which could hinder the future government from adopting positions that require a longer time of badysis and study. "
The threat of withdrawal from Brazil of Paris Accord has given Bolsonaro the Fossil Day Award, granted by a network of NGOs that accompanies the negotiations of the climate conference, this ironic honor is offered to nations struggling to act on behalf of the world. 'environment. Finally, several US-based environmental protection organizations, including Amazon Watch, have published an open letter criticizing Bolsonaro's environmental policies. "If applied, they can cause considerable and lasting damage to Brazilian communities and the environment."
"There is no more demarcation of indigenous lands"
Add to Bolsonaro's statements on indigenous lands the indication of pastor Damares Alves, evangelical, will lead the women's portfolio, the family and human rights, with a new ministerial redesign. With this, the FUNAI, which no longer has the power to demarcate lands, which previously fell under the Ministry of Justice, will be subordinated to Alves.
Antônio Costa, former president of FUNAI in the Temer government, told journalist Ricardo Della Colleta in December that the transfer of the federal body to the new ministry should create a wide void of rights acquired by indigenous people and worsen conflicts on the ground. Costa resigned due to pressure from the bench of rural parliamentarism in the four months since he came to power. "The ruralist deputies with whom I spoke are sensitive to the sustainability of peoples.What is missing is a dialogue with segments and stop placing Indians and demarcations as obstacles development, "he said.
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