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"The general rule is that pink is for boys and blue is for girls, the reason being that pink, being a more decided and strong color, is more appropriate for boys, delicate and graceful. Is more beautiful for the girl. "
The above paragraph was published a hundred years ago in 1918 by the American children's fashion magazine, Earnshaw, aimed at professionals in the sector. It was discovered by Jo Paoletti, Emeritus Professor of American Studies at the University of Maryland, USA, and author of the book Pink and Blue: Telling Boys from America Girls in the United States.
"(The discovery of this sentence) has upset my badumptions," recalls the researcher during a conversation with BBC News Brazil.
"The idea that there is something natural and permanent in the use of pink for girls and blue for boys is historically false," he said. . said Paoletti. "Also, the idea is that if you do not treat children according to a gender stereotype, they will grow up confused, they will be perverse, they will become homobadual, transgender." There is no evidence of that. homobadual or trans identity. "
The use of Brazilian and pink or blue social networks mobilized last Thursday the main topics of discussion on Twitter.The reason was the release of a video of Damares Alves, the first minister to occupy the file Women, Family and Human Rights – created by Jair Bolsonaro, replacing the Ministry of Women, Racial Equality and Human Rights of the government of Dilma Rousseff
"Attention, attention, c & Is a new era in Brazil, the boy is wearing blue and the girl is pink! ", Explains Damares Alves in the video The phrase was followed in chorus by the fans, then they all celebrated with enthusiasm – there including the minister, clearly excited
The context of this sentence is the intention of the new government to fight the so-called "badist ideology." The term, which is not recognized by scholars, has summer popularis by segments opposed to the idea that gender is a social construct and that it is therefore not limited to the biological bad of a person.
"I made a metaphor against the ideology of gender, but boys and girls can wear blue, pink, colorful, anyway, so as to feel better," said the minister, after the reaction of social networks, in an interview with the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo
White dresses for babies and female blue alluding to the Virgin Mary
The color division of boys and girls is a recent social construction, says Paoletti. "One hundred years ago, babies wore white dresses, regardless of gender, and white clothes were easier to clean because they could be boiled," she says.
"When colors were introduced in children's clothing, they had pastel shades, but it did not matter whether they were pink or blue, depending on the physical type of the child.It was very common to see Blue-eyed babies wearing blue clothes and brown-eyed babies wearing pink. People thought it was more appropriate, "says Paoletti.
The use of colors also varied by region, explains the researcher. "In some Catholic countries, the use of blue in girls was common because blue was badociated with the Virgin Mary.In other Catholic countries, such as France and Belgium, the first son was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and was dressed in blue, boy or girl. "
More recently, the use of pink for girls and blue for boys has become standardized throughout the West. How did it happen? One of the explanations is that the pattern would have been created by the American fashion industry and extended to other countries.
Marco Del Giudice, professor of psychology at the University of New Mexico, badyzed the occurrences of pink and blue in boys and girls in a database of millions of books, published after 1880. According to him , references to "the rose for the girls" began to be more abundant from the end of the Second World War, in the 1940s.
In addition, other gender-related symbolisms have entered in childlike fashion, like bows and hearts for girls, planes and balls for boys "Previously, children's fashion was defined by convenience, and now people are more interested in making sure that their child looks like the stereotype of a boy, "said Paoletti. Do girls prefer pink? Science says no
A 2011 study published by the British Psychological Society examined the color preferences of infants and children aged 7 months to 5 years. Each child received a pair of objects, one with pink color and the other with a second color. The researchers then observed the preference or rejection of pink objects.
As a result, girls and boys under one year old chose similar objects. That is, there was no gender preference for color.
At the age of two, girls began to prefer pink a little more often than boys. And after two-and-a-half years, the preference for pink has increased among girls, while rejection has increased among boys.
According to the researchers, the preference for pink at this age can be explained by the identification of bad. which is given by adults and ends up being absorbed by children.
"The results go against the idea that color preferences may have a biological basis." Some researchers have suggested that there is a larger evolutionary benefit for women attracted to color. But if women had a biological predisposition to pink, this would be obvious regardless of the acquisition of gender concepts. "
In other words, it would be noticeable in any stage of life.
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