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US President Donald Trump said the shutdown of part of the government and federal agencies will continue until Congress approves the $ 5.7 billion dollars to which he asked to finance the wall between the United States and the United States. Mexico, to contain immigration.
In his first statement to the White House Oval Office in 2019, he stated that the bill was necessary to resolve the "humanitarian and security crisis at the border".
While the closure of the service – the so-called closure – occurs in the third week, approximately 800,000 federal employees are unpaid.
However, Trump seems irreducible to the idea that closing the government is necessary to force Congress to approve resources for the so promised wall – one of the pillars of the 2016 Republican presidential campaign.
The Democrats, currently the majority in the US House, refuse to unblock this money by saying that immigration policy and government speeches on the issue are a "fabricated crisis" .
So, what is really happening?
How many people cross the border illegally?
It is impossible to say with certainty, but seizures by border officials give clues.
396,500 people were seized at the Mexican border in 2018, compared to 303,900 in 2017.
The number had dropped in the first year of the Trump government, but volt or increase last year.
Over the In the last 10 years, however, the number of detained persons attempting to enter the United States illegally has declined sharply.
Is there a "crisis" of illegal immigration on the southern border of the United States? United States?
"No," said Jacinta Ma, director of the National Forum for Immigration, which campaigns for immigrants.
"Even with the increase in the number of seizures l & rsquo; Last year, the level is well below that of the early 2000s, "he said.
The majority of migrants enter the Mexican border?
The entry of migrants to the United States is not limited to the border with Mexico In 2017, for example, 3,027 seized The number of illegal migrants was recorded at the border with Canada and 3,588 on the US coastal strip.
Although migration to the Mexican border made the headlines, most people living illegally in the United States legally entered the country, but stayed there after the visa expired.
Canadians make up the bulk of these illegal immigrants, followed by Mexicans.
In 2016, 739,478 people were still in the United States after the visa expired, compared with 563,204 migrants who crossed the border illegally.
It is important to note that, according to the Pew Research Center – one of the world's most reputable research institutes – the total number of immigrants living illegally in the United States has actually decreased since 2007. reduction in the number of people arriving in Mexico.
Border seizures peaked in 2000 at 1.64 million. Overall, the Pew Research Center estimates that in 2016, 10.7 million illegal immigrants were living in the United States.
How many people are trying to cross the border legally?
Seizures disclosed by the United States Government relate to persons applying for asylum or refugee status upon entry into the United States.
During fiscal year 2018, nearly 93,000 people claimed to live in places and in risky situations and asked for asylum at the border. This was a substantial increase over 2017, while 55,548 people were making the same request.
Kate Jastram, of the University of California's Center for Gender and Refugee Studies, states that families fleeing violence in Central America are now part of a larger group of cross-border groups seeking asylum. from early 2014.
She says it has more to do with the living conditions in these countries than with any immigration policy put in place under the Trump administration.
"The vast majority of Mexican men have crossed the border in search of work.We now have many families and children, especially to seek protection," said Jastram.
In November, a caravan of 7,000 migrants arrived at the United States border with Mexico. Many of them claim to be fleeing violence in countries such as Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador.
Trump called the caravan "invasion". In general, the rate of rejection of asylum applications has increased over the last six years.
What did Trump do to deal with the situation?
Asylum seekers who crossed the border illegally had to wait for the decision on the Mexican side of the border.
In June, then-general Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that allegations of domestic violence rape and fear of criminal group violence would no longer serve as a basis for granting domestic violence. asylum in the United States – this measure was overturned by US courts.
Thousands of children were separated from their parents at the border as part of the "zero tolerance policy" which provided for the criminal detention of all those crossing the border illegally. Subsequently, this decision was reconsidered after judicial decisions and negative repercussions.
Last week, Trump said he could declare a "national emergency" situation to force the release of $ 5.7 billion for the construction of the wall at the Mexican border. In theory, the decree would allow the executive to override congressional decisions.
Constitutional law experts are divided on whether the president has the power and the right to use a national emergency order to fund the wall.
Trump government spokeswoman Sarah Sanders made a statement that drew attention in an interview with Fox TV on Friday.
"Last year, nearly 4,000 terrorists or suspected terrorists were apprehended after crossing the southern border of the United States," she said.
This is not true. Even his colleague, Kellyanne Conway, also Trump's advisor, described Sanders' speech as "an unfortunate misrepresentation".
Where do these migrants come from? A report from the White House on immigration indicates that 3,755 terrorists or suspected terrorists were banned from entering the United States. United in 2017.
But this includes suspects who have been arrested at any point in the territory. Most Americans attempted to fly to the United States and were banned from entering the country's airports.
"The debate is about a wall at the land border – including airport statistics is irrelevant and misleading," says Todd Bensman of the Center for Immigration Studies, which calls for a reduction in immigration.
Bensman, who worked in the counter-intelligence intelligence sector at the Texas-Mexico border, badyzed data from a "source of reliable intelligence" and concluded that about one hundred migrants on the list of suspected terrorists had been seized at the Mexican border. 2012 and 2017.
NBC News data seems to support this badertion. The US broadcaster said that during the first half of 2018, six migrants on the suspects' list were arrested at the southern border of the United States.
According to David Bier and Alex Nowrasteh of the Cato Institute, a Washington-based think-tank, no one crossed the border between Mexico and the United States illegally from 1975 until the end of 2017.
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