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A 57-year-old woman living in São Gonçalo, a municipality in Rio de Janeiro, is hospitalized for suspicion of bubonic plague, a disease not reported in Brazil since 2005, when it was only Only one case in the municipality. Pedra Branca, Ceará Highlands
On 22 December last year, the patient was admitted to the São Gonçalo Central Emergency Room with heart failure. She was then transferred to Luiz Palmier Hospital, where oral, nasal and bad materials were collected for badysis.
A skin sample was also requested for the wound, diagnosing the presence of the bacterium Yersinia pestis, the cause of the disease that devastated Europe in the 14th century – historians estimate that 25 million people, more than a third of the population of the continent at the time, died as a result of the pathology observed between 1347 and 1351.
According to the municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, antibiotic treatment has was instituted immediately and the woman was followed in isolation to prevent the spread of the disease, if confirmed.
Despite this concern, the Ministry of Health informed the BBC. News Brazil, by way of note, that this case does not correspond to the definition of suspect, because the clinical picture presented does not correspond to the description of the bubonic plague.
MS also reported that the Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN) of the State of Rio de Janeiro had reworked the badysis and identified the Morganella morganni bacteria, a microorganism. widespread in the environment and does not cause infections in individuals with good immunity.
In people with immunological involvement, this can cause opportunistic infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts and infected wounds.
In addition, laboratory samples were collected and sent. to the Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (CPqAM) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz / Pernambuco) for further badysis and closing of the investigation – there is still no forecast as to when the publication of the result.
And, as a precaution, a zoonotic control team from the environmental monitoring of the city of São Gonçalo also went to the patient's residence. For parasites or rodents, finding no trace
What is fever
Fever is an acute infectious disease that manifests itself in three clinical forms: bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic. (19659003) Estevão Portela Nunes, infectiologist and deputy director of clinical services of the National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas (INI / Fiocruz), explains that it is transmitted mainly by infected flea bites present in rodents, especially rats. bubonic is the most benign type of pathology, and its most significant symptoms are high fever and dilated (bubo) and painful ganglia near the site of the bite
. "This disease can evolve and possibly cause other forms of pneumonia," he explains, "when pneumonia occurs when the infection reaches the lungs and sepsis occurs when the bacterium falls into the circulation." blood and spread throughout the body ".
It should be noted that in the case of pneumonia, there is aggravation if it is spread from person to person by mucus-infected objects and by way
According to the Ministry of Health, "The greatest transmissibility of bubonic plague occurs during the symptomatic period, when the bacillus circulates in the body in greater quantity.Pallic pneumonia occurs at the beginning of sputum and persists as long as there are bacteria in the respiratory tract. "The duration of incubation is usually 2 to 6 days in bubonic and 1 to 3 in pneumonic.
The Diagnosis of the Pathology is Established Through blood tests, the fluid in buboes or sputum Nunes indicates that treatment should begin as soon as possible, even before the arrival of laboratory results. The ideal is to institute it within 15 hours after the start of treatment.
It is performed with the use of antibiotics (tetracyclines, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, some are) injectable or oral for a period of 10 to 14 days. The isolation of the patient is often necessary initially to define the best course of action and follow the evolution of the case.
"Although it is a potentially dangerous disease, it is all the more lethal and now we are armed against," said Nunes.
To prevent the plague, absence of vaccine, it is important to take basic sanitation, not to accumulate and dispose of garbage and to collect correctly.
MS also recommends that you do not have contact with animals synanthropes – those who have adapted to live with humans, whatever their will – such as pigeons,
Origin
There is no consensus on the origin of the Black Death, but the most common is that it originated in China or Central Asia, after being brought to Europe with fleas, and rats that traveled on merchant ships.
Currently, most cases of the disease are recorded in rural areas and it remains potentially dangerous in several parts of the world, particularly on the African continent, in the Congo and on the island of Madagascar. .
In Brazil, as it appears on the website of the Ministry of Health, there are two areas considered natural: the north-east, distributed in the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, State of Paraíba, Pernambuco ( with a small extension to Piauí), Alagoas and Bahia and Teresópolis, in Rio de Janeiro
The EM indicates that "there are still other areas of pestigènes located in the territory of Minas Gerais in the Rio Doce Valley Jequitinhonha, which may be considered an extension of the northeastern focus. "
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