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SÃO PAULO – Yasmin Martinez was not more than 10 years old when he went to internet in search of radical regimes . "I had already decided that I wanted to be thin, I thought it would be accepted," says the young woman, who was bullied at school because of her weight . Between constraints and compulsions, he reached 36 pounds at the age of 15 years. She saw her hair fall and forgot to write a few words. "She looked like a living dead woman, fainting all the time and her lip was purple while everyone was dying of heat."
Today, at age 17, she is recovering from the anorexia that almost cost her life. She remembers what she found. in the nets: support and inspiration to lose weight without stopping. "When I was sick, I went in groups to see pictures of very skinny girls." The content is varied. A quick search on the network is enough to identify the messages of encouragement to hard diets and "perfect" body photos that only exist on screens.
The effects of access to content on thinness among boys and girls hit the doors of clinics and concern specialists. "We are seeing more and more young children presenting themselves with eating disorder symptoms, and when I was 8 or 9 years old, I saw it myself. Are we at the point where 8-year-olds are obsessed with thinness? Where does this come from? ", worries Ana Carolina Costa of Ambulim, Nutritionist, Disorders Program's #################################################################### 39, diet of the Institute of Psychiatry of the University of São Paulo (USP) .
Ambulim offers, among other disorders, a treatment against anorexia and bulimia, eating disorders characterized by an intense concern for weight and a distorted perception of the body. Those who suffer from anorexia eat very little or nothing. The bulimicus has compulsions followed by regret, with induction of vomiting or use of laxatives. Anorexia kills up to 15% of cases.
Although disorders have multiple causes, diets that promise fast and greedy weight loss, such as those published by fitness bloggers and even nutritionists on the Web, may be the trigger, according to the authors. experts. " They ) go to cell phones and access all kinds of diets, without nutritionist control.They have this risky behavior for two, three months until they go wrong Evelyn Eisenstein of the Department of Adolescence of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP)
According to an ICT Kids study published last year by the Internet Steering Committee in Brazil one in four girls between the ages of 11 and 17 reported having Internet contact, the percentage increased compared to the result of four years ago.The survey, which surveyed 3,102 elderly Brazilian children and adolescents aged 9 to 17, also found that 93% used the cell phone to access the Internet and that 73% used social networks.
On Instagram photos of "lean inspirations "- young people with exposed ribs – have success and the hashtags badociated with extreme thinness accumulate thousands of publications every day. Already in Twitter secret profiles share tips on how to cheat the family about meals and tell, in codes, the saga of weight loss, which includes vomiting use of laxatives and weight loss remedies – all of these practices harmful to health.
Groups related to anorexia and bulimia in WhatsApp encourage long-term fasting efforts. "All united in one goal, focus on the NF ( in food ), focus on beauty, towards extreme thinness, towards perfection", indicates the description of one of them, which brings together 257 participants from Brazil and even from abroad. "I'm 12. I'm worried about my weight for a while," said one. "In my case, ( anorexia ) started early, type 9, 10 years old," commented another.
The more the number of bones appeared and the decrease in the number of scales increasing, the more pleasure was felt. But it was antagonistic. I wanted to lose weight and it was never enough. Feelings were rollercoaster
For psychologist and psychobadyst Patricia Jacobsohn, who investigated the interface of troubles with the Internet, the likes on the network are rewarded. "Pro-anorexia sites reinforce inappropriate and dangerous behaviors, postulated as lifestyles, that delay diagnosis and harm the good prognosis." The cases of eating disorders, he says, have become more serious in the office.
Faced with the proliferation of schemes that promise quick results, the Federal Council for Nutrition (CFN) banned photos of patients and professionals in 2018, before and after. "The bodies are different and the factors affect the structure – from the genetics to the place where you live.You can not standardize," says counselor Vanille Pessoa. "When we see a thin body ( on the photographs ), we do not know the path." CFN receives advertising denunciations from nutritionists on the networks.
Already, control over what is disclosed by untrained people is in charge of users and platforms. In a statement, Twitter and Instagram said that content promoting eating disorders violated the rules of using the network. "We use tools and technologies, from the built-in application content creation button, to artificial intelligence, to make it easier to identify and remove," says Instagram. Wanted, Google and WhatsApp did not manifest themselves.
Therapy includes the question: "Who are you following?"
When she arrived at the hospital to be admitted to treatment for anorexia two years ago, Hadbada Giannina, 17, did a search in the stock market. "They took away the sharp objects, the wire, the mirror and the mobile phone." She had already undergone outpatient treatment, but continued boycotting meals at home and weighed 34 pounds.
Almost without access to the Internet – only able to use a tablet for 30 minutes under the supervision of nurses – Hadbada spent five and a half months in the hospital of the University of São Paulo clinics Paulo (USP). Part of that time he was riding in a wheelchair – not because he could not walk, but to avoid any expense of energy.
Hospitalization was necessary not only to gain weight (we had recovered 16 pounds), but also to deconstruct the convictions. "I got disconnected from the people I was accompanying, and during her stay she worked on the problem she had with the bloggers," she said, feeling the first signs of body dissatisfaction at 11 o'clock.
According to Fábio Salzano, Ambulim psychiatrist, even the filters used in the networks are included in the list. discussions about the treatment. "We remember ( patients ) that manipulating images is now much easier."
Amilton dos Santos Júnior, psychiatrist, the profile of the victims is reinforced. "These disorders were more specific to the subgroups, such as role models and dancers, and with the networks they became more universal," he says, who coordinates the outpatient clinic for mental health disorders. Food of the State of Campinas (Unicamp) .
For dietetician Sophie Deram, USP doctor and author of the book The weight of diets requires a "digital detoxification". "One of the things I ask is:" Who do you follow? "These images thrown away all the time make the situation worse," she says as she badists people with Alzheimer's disease. trouble. "There are toxic bloggers, one of them said that when you want delicious food, put it in your mouth and spit it out. instigation of a food disorder. "
On the other hand, the same social networks can provide a supportive space. Recovered from his anorexia, Hadbada offers a YouTube channel that describes the pain and overcomes the disease. "I had no idea what anorexia was, my family did not have it.People come to talk, it 's gratifying to know that I' d have no idea. have helped, work on deconstructing these models. "
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