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Epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases, high rates of childhood obesity and sedentary living, and the impact of pollution, climate change and humanitarian crises on health. Here are some of the elements that make up the list of the top 10 threats to global health in 2019, published this week by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The organization plans to implement a new five-year strategic plan. , with the aim of ensuring that an additional one billion people benefit from access to health and universal health coverage; are protected from health emergencies;
According to WHO, the following problems will require increased attention from the organization and its partners this year:
] Air Pollution and Change
The World Health Organization estimates that nine out of ten people breathe polluted air every day. Microscopic pollutants can enter the respiratory and circulatory systems, damaging the lungs, heart and brain, resulting in the premature death of 7 million people each year from diseases such as cancer, stroke and cardiovascular disease and pulmonary
Chronic noncommunicable diseases
Entity data show that chronic noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease account for more than 70% of all deaths in Canada. the world – 41 million people. This includes 15 million people who die prematurely (from 30 to 69 years old), more than 85% of whom die prematurely in low- and middle-income countries.
Pandemic Influenza
The World will face another influenza pandemic – the only thing we do not know yet is when it will happen and how well this will be serious.
Scenarios of Fragility and Vulnerability
The organization pointed out that more than 1.6 billion people – 22% of the world's population – live in areas of protracted crises ( a combination of factors such as drought, famine, conflict and displacement) and more fragile health services. In these scenarios, half of the major goals of sustainable development, including child and maternal health, remain unmet.
Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance – The ability of bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi to resist drugs such as antibiotics and antivirals – a threat, according to the WHO, of return humanity to a time when it could not easily treat infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and salmonellosis. "The inability to prevent infection can seriously compromise surgical procedures and treatments such as chemotherapy," he warned.
Ebola
Last year, the Democratic Republic of Congo experienced two outbreaks of Ebola. spread in cities of more than one million inhabitants. One of the affected provinces is also in an active conflict zone. In December, representatives of the public health, animal health, transport and tourism sectors called on WHO and its partners to consider 2019 as a "year of action in the field of preparedness. to health emergencies ".
Primary Health Care
Health systems with quality primary health care are clbadified by the entity as necessary to achieve universal health coverage. However, many countries do not have adequate primary health care facilities. In October 2018, all member countries pledged to renew their commitment to primary health care, formalized in the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration.
Vaccination
According to the WHO, reluctance or refusal to vaccinate, despite the availability of the dose, threatens to reverse progress made in the fight against vaccine-preventable diseases. Measles, for example, has seen a 30% increase in the number of cases worldwide. "[A vacina] is one of the most cost-effective ways of preventing disease – currently, about 2 to 3 million deaths are prevented each year," said WHO, which could also prevent 1, 5 million deaths.
A large number of dengue cases are commonly reported during the rainy season in countries such as Bangladesh and India. , the number of cases has increased dramatically and the disease is already spreading to less temperate and less temperate countries such as Nepal: about 40% of the world's population is at risk of contracting the virus – about 390 million infections According to the Organization, despite the progress made, the AIDS epidemic continues to spread worldwide, resulting in the deaths of nearly one million people each year from HIV / AIDS.
Since the beginning, more than 70 million people have become infected and about 35 million have died. Currently, about 37 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Adolescents and young women (aged 15 to 24) are an increasingly affected group, accounting for one in four HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa
Agência Brasil
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