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Ariella Pardo Segre was only three years old when she was transported to the back by a smuggler who had been paid with an engagement ring for the service rendered. It was in September 1943, the sun had gone down and it was very cold. At his side, in a group of Jewish refugees, walked with his mother, father and seven-year-old brother. The journey of the Italian Jewish family through the Alps to Switzerland because of the Nazi persecution began.
The road was narrow and everyone was lined up in absolute silence. It was at this moment that his mother, Iris, suddenly slipped and disappeared in the dark. Ariella shouted. A sharp scream quickly choked by the hands of an unknown man who covered his mouth. Ariella lost her mind and fainted. The group decided to continue the course.
"It was very small, but that memory never went out of my memory." They revived me and, when I opened my eyes, I saw many people around me. cry, we are all dying, "Ariella, 78, told BBC News Brazil.
Brazilian naturalized, she survives the mbad murder of millions of Jews, as well as Polish, Soviet, homobadual, Gypsy and POWs of different nationalities, as well as Jehovah's Witnesses and other minorities during the Second World War, resulting from a systematic extermination program led by the Nazi Party
"For a long time, I had trouble talking about it."
The crossing ends with the family reunion. Ariella's mother was found alive and taken by another group of refugees to the Swiss border. In this country, the Pardo would establish housing until the end of the second world war.
This escape triggered a torture that began years ago, in 1938, when the so-called "racial" laws were promulgated in Italy. The fascist government, led by Benito Mussolini (1883-1945), instituted a regime of segregation. Jews were considered "dangerous" and many were forced to live under tight police control. Ariella's parents, both teachers, lost their public jobs.
Nevertheless, whatever the difficult conditions, the majority of them did not risk life, because Mussolini did not submit to Hitler 's request to initiate deportations.
Together with her father, mother and brother, Ariella had to leave her home in Italy. Mussolini is deposed by the Great Fascist Council at the request of King Vitorio Emanuel III and is arrested. Nazi troops then invade the country, rapidly dominating much of the north and center. The former Italian leader is saved from prison in an operation designed by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). The region becomes a neo-fascist republic, with a puppet government of Mussolini. In practice, it was the Nazis who were in power.
The nightmare began for Jews living in German-occupied areas, as the Nazis, with the help of the fascists, began to close and deport them. Of the 40,000 Jews living in Italy in 1943, 8,000 were murdered by the Nazis.
The Pardo lived in Bologna, in northern Italy, the main railway axis of the country, where trains later headed to the concentration camps and the extermination. Even though they had lost their jobs and were suffering privations, they were not afraid of having to give up everything they had built. But a neighbor warned them of what was going to happen.
"One of our neighbors, Alfredo Giommi, warned us of the arrival of the Nazis, we fled with our clothes and the money we had in our pockets," Ariella said.
After the trip through the Alps, the family persuaded the Swiss authorities to allow their entry. She arrived at a refugee camp and found herself divided. The children were separated from their parents: Ariella moved in with other girls. His brother, Lucio, in another camp.
"In the refugee camp, there were children of all nationalities, but none" "There were children of all nationalities and I could not communicate with anyone Whenever my mother came to visit me I was crying, it was as if she were stupid. "
" My father worked as a carpenter, cutting firewood, and he worked as a carpenter, and my mother as a cook. the day I went to see her and that she was cutting potatoes. "
Jews who lived in the regions of northern Italy occupied by Germans were now cloistered and deported – Photo: Gui Christ / via BBC
The life of the Browns in the refugee camp lasted until the end of the war in 1945, when Italy was liberated and that Allied trucks brought the refugees back to their home country.
Ariella was five years old when the family returned to Bologna. But the suffocation was not over yet. The house where they lived was occupied by new residents.
"We arrived home and the new residents told us that they had received it from the Italian government and that we were no longer welcome.I remember that the library of my father, a very learned man, had been completely destroyed, "he says.
The family then lived again in a refugee camp, installed on a place in Bologna. A few days later, Giommi, the neighbor who had warned them of the arrival of the Nazis two years earlier, took them to live in his apartment. There, they moved into a room until they could return home by court order.
"For those who slept on the floor, finally sleeping in a room was a marvel, especially with a kiss from my mother," he says.
"Giommi was a very important man in our lives, not only in ours, but in many people," he says. Alfredo Giommi was honored as "Just Among the Nations", a recognition to all non-Jews who, during the Second World War, saved the lives of Jews persecuted by the Nazi regime.
Parents Ariella returned to give lessons and the family gradually resumed her life interrupted by the war.
In 1958, on holiday in the Alps, she met Marco Segre, an Italian Jew who was 39, was a refugee in Brazil with his parents in 1938, at the time of the introduction of the racial law, and who was visiting parents in Italy. They both fell in love.
The couple maintains the correspondence for two years until Segre returns to Italy to marry Ariella. The two return together to Brazil and settle in São Paulo, where Ariella teaches Italian. They had four children, eight grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. Marcos died two years ago.
At age 78, Ariella is removed from clbadrooms but continues to work in a Jewish entity.
"I think I have a moral obligation to keep telling this story so that the world never forgets it," he said.
This Sunday, January 27 marks the International Day of Remembrance for Holocaust Victims, instituted by the UN in 2005. This date marks the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, one of the Nazi torture in 1945. It is estimated that more than one million people, mainly Jews, died there.
The Israeli Federation of the State of São Paulo (FISEP) and the Israeli Pauline Congregation (IPC) advocate a solemn act in the CIP Etz Chaim synagogue and in Rio de Janeiro, the Israeli Confederation of Brazil. Fed Israeli ration of & # 39; State of Rio de Janeiro (Fierj) held a solemn ceremony at the National Monument of the dead of the Second World War, at Aterro do Flamengo.
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