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Communication is not limited to speech, so even babies have the ability to communicate, whether through laughter, looks, gestures or sounds. From the first year, it is common for children to pronounce the first words, which are usually attempts by "mom" or "dad".
From the age of two, the child usually forms the first sentences. To the three sentences more complete and easy to understand for people who do not live with the child, according to the speech therapist Juliana Trentini, author of the book "Du gugu-dada of my mother, give me".
To five years, the speech should already flow without difficulty because at this age, the language pattern is similar to that in which it is spoken. from an adult. According to the experts, the scientific step to identify a delay in the acquisition of a language is two years and six months.
Trentini recalls that not all children have the same pace of development, but if they suspect that it is difficult to acquire a language, it is advisable to call in specialists. Early intervention, done before the age of three, with speech therapy and medical follow – up, can give faster results.
"What is the age at which the child begins to speak?
" It is thought that it is acceptable that the child does not speak before the age of three years, which is worth the wait, but language is an important indicator of development. If the child has difficulties, he may not be able to realize his potential and would be valuable time for an unused intervention, "says Juliana Trentini, speech therapist.
Up to four years, the child has an "intense language window". "But it's very intense between 0 and 18 months, it's when the neurons grow up and form connections, so the reaction is better, the neurons are more unoccupied." From the age of four , the answer will be slower, "says Antônio Carlos de Farias, neuropediatrician, Pequeno Príncipe Hospital, Curitiba.
The doctor recalls that it should also note the nonverbal communication of children. "The concept of language is broad, we communicate in different ways with gestures and emotions.
Cases of delayed speech development require joint action by physicians and speech therapists. Before starting an intervention, genetic, psychiatric and auditory problems should be eliminated by clinical examination.
Language Development Disorder (LDD)
Once the presence of syndromes or pathologies has been ruled out, the majority of cases of children having no vocabulary or way of speaking expected for this age tend to be transient. Scientific studies conducted in the United States indicate that in these situations, language development lasts up to about four and a half years. In Brazil, this estimate may vary because, due to the socio-economic conditions of families, a child in perfect health may have a longer development due to a lack of access to adequate treatment.
However, there are cases of delay diagnosed as having a language disorder. It is estimated that 7% to 10% of the child population, from one to five years old, has a good understanding, preserved cognitive functions and good hearing, but does not develop language as expected due to a disorder called language development disorder. (TDL), according to speech therapist Amalia Rodrigues.
The symptoms of delayed speech and TDL, which is more complex, are the same. An expert can only establish the diagnosis after the start of treatment. In the first case, up to six months of intervention, sometimes with psychological support also, the language of the child begins to appear.
"The answer already tells us if the child has something like a temporary delay or a disorder that will require many years of intervention.The TDL is a chronic problem for life, but with correct intervention is possible to make inclusion in society, "says Amalia Rodrigues, who teaches at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo.
Amalia states that in both cases, one of the guidelines is to enroll the child in school, if he does not attend it yet, because of his access to educational activities and his contacts with other children. "We are guiding the family and the school on the fact that it is necessary to provide stimuli.Gaming is the cognitive basis that will help the child to do language development." When he begins to learn outside the therapeutic context, it indicates that the problem may be a delay, not a disturbance. "
Speech delay may be one of the symptoms of a neurological deficiency or disorders such as autism.Also in these cases, according to Juliana Trentini, with good treatment, it is possible to have chances of succeeding. "Nonverbal children are rare, only very serious cases."
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: What is it, Symptoms and treatments
Amalia Rodrigues says that today there are autistic people with excellent communication skills and that technology has provided a tremendous scope for inclusion. " there are a number of other conditions that may be related to speech delay. It is easier to change language than to become autistic. This fear [da possibilidade de um diagnóstico como autismo] mobilizes some parents, but makes it difficult to seek help for others out of fear. "
The neuropediatrician explains that the diagnosis of autism in the past was focused on spoken language.There is now the perception of an un-spoken language, such as the eye in the eyes and observation of the attention of the child. "Today, teachers perceive more nonverbal communication, but pediatricians do not yet have this specific preparation." diagnosis posed only from the floor can be very late, according to Antônio Carlos de Farias.
The electronic night to the children?
One of the bad guys of the language acquisition is the diversity of existing electronic equipment.An earlier contact with television, tablets and smartphones could be dangerous for the child, experts say.
"The ideal is that the child has no contact with it for two years, then limited access. There is however an influence, because the screen affects the sensory development of the child and is important for the development of language, "says Juliana Trentini, who explains that this type of screen has the ability to "trick the brain", which distracts the child and
Antônio Carlos de Farias reports the phenomenon of developmental retardation to certain social characteristics: "There is the evolution of the woman who leaves her home to work, of the child who spends more time in school, "
Amalia says that parents have spent less quality time with their children." I tell them that the hours they spend with children should be interactions, conversations, games, stories, and any activity that has conversation through it.
For the doctor, in general, language delays are "maturing", and therefore transient, grow, develop and mature, but there are also cases of "lesion" that reveal a disturbance. erroneous, for example, is normal and transient until the age of 4 years. After that, it's a problem that needs to be studied, this can be a sign of dyslexia. "
Delays in twins are common
Some factors, such as prematurity – common in twins – can trigger problems such as the late acquisition of speech.Of the multiples, there is always the problem that children interact a lot between them, and the encouragement of parents, because they have to to be divided, is not always the same for siblings.
"Twins tend to have more difficulties, but we can not help making offerings for that reason." Sometimes the twins close and do not feel the need to talk to other people, we need, "says Juliana.
According to the specialist, twins have more difficulty speaking – Photo: Unplash
In the house of. administrator of Elza Cabral Galvão, 44 years old, everything is not understandable in the words of twins Alice and Beatriz. "They talk a lot to each other, but in their language, but at school, they do not talk to anyone."
Elza thinks the girls, who will be 4 years old in June, can say a little that they have pulled their personality and shyness. However, he has already brought them to the speech therapist and psychologist. "They understand everything and are very intelligent.I will see what will be happening this year at school if they develop."
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