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SÃO PAULO, SP (FOLHAPRESS) – By interviewing Amazonian Indians to find out what pains they were feeling and how they were treating them, nurse Elaine Barbosa de Moraes, 42, was suffering from pain. a repetitive microtomy in his arms.
One of the village women then applied a resin called "white pitch", extracted from the tree of the same name and mixed with annatto in the painful area, the problem lasted five years, with little improvement on anti-inflammatories and cold compresses.
Three days later, the pain subsided and the effect lasted four months
. said in his research for the Israeli Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, linked to the hospital: although the so-called "white remedies" are used by 86.7% of natives that she questioned, the drugs only provide 22, 2% of them
Already local painkillers, used by 80%, are effective in 64.5% of cases. Among the indigenous treatments, the most used are those they call bush remedies (75.6%) made with plants. But there are other ways to treat pain, such as rituals, bathing, prayer, frog poison, ant bites, singing, and smoke.
The data is part of the master's program advocated by the nurse last month. Fapesp (Research Foundation of the State of São Paulo), in 2017, led a team of researchers who traveled for several days through the Amazon rainforest, using planes, cars, motorcycles, boats to motor and detachments. until arriving at the villages of the Javari Valley. Located in the western part of the Amazon, this region has the largest number of isolated indigenous peoples in the world.
A pioneer, the study highlights the need to create a dialogue between conventional medicine and indigenous medicine, which would be beneficial not only for "We, Brazilians, do not value the ancestral knowledge that is ours." In the case of so-called alternative treatments, we accept Chinese medicine and we pay dearly, but we know little about therapies. ", Explains the nurse, researcher and teacher at Unip Manaus Unit
Eliseth Leão, 54, is a professor and researcher at Einstein. She accompanied Elaine in the expedition and did the photos used in the work.
"In Brazil, it seems that the Indians do not even exist.Many allopathic remedies come from products that they use and we forget about this wealth left to biopiracy."
L & # 39; sample of respondents was composed of 45 men and women from three different ethnic groups: women and men, marubo, canamari and matis (the latter having no contact with non-Indians until the end of the 1970s), as well as 36 employees of the Special Indigenous Sanitary District (DSEI), a federal government agency linked to the unified health system.
To dialogue with the natives, who do not speak Portuguese, the researchers needed interpreters. At the time of the interview, 77.8% of them reported suffering, especially in the trunk, as well as headaches and teeth.
With the DSEI team, Elaine examined the qualification for the job and how to proceed. it deals with the pain of the patients. There are 265 professionals for the more than 5,400 Indians from Vale do Javari, including six doctors, six dentists and a psychologist. There are 40 nurses, but the highest number of nursing technicians, 82. Of the respondents, only 11.1% are indigenous.
The shortage of doctors in these areas, says Elaine, has generated protocols that allow nurses to do the work. listen to the complaints of the Indians and indicate the treatments.
In this scenario, they do something that is forbidden: the prescription of opioids, such as morphine. Produced from opium, poppy extract, can only be prescribed by doctors and as a special prescription, kept by pharmacies. They are used for acute pain and can have a hallucinogenic effect and lead to overdose and death dependence.
Opioids accounted for 13.9% of prescribed badgesic treatments. Non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs were predominant (69.4%), followed by muscle relaxants (44.4%) and corticosteroids (38.9%). To a lesser extent than opioids, another controlled drug, the antidepressant, appeared in 2.8% of responses
Elaine reflected on her thesis that the citation of these drugs to Restricted use could be a consequence of
The report pointed out that, in the event that this would actually happen, the fault should not be taken into account by the professionals, but rather by the precariousness of the training and the l & # 39; insufficient investment in indigenous health.
Another data, in Elaine's badessment, may help explain the ineffectiveness of conventional medicine in treating Indians: 37.9% of them 39, self-medication with "white remedies".
"We talk about a reality Professionals work in difficult conditions and are not prepared to deal with a culture different from theirs," says Elaine, stopped an introduction with guidelines on the treatment of pain to be distributed in the region, in Portuguese and in the languages of the ethnic groups studied.
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