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Droughts: Most Brazilian municipalities (59%) do not present any instruments aimed at the prevention of natural disasters (Getty Images / Reproduction)
Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo – Contrary to what is usually imagined, the episodes of scarcity of rains are not limited to the northeast. On the contrary, they are well distributed throughout the country. Despite this, most Brazilian municipalities (59%) do not have any instruments to prevent natural disasters, and only 14.7% had a contingency plan and / or specific drought in the last year.
(Munic) and Profile of Brazilian States (Estadic) 2017 published on Thursday 5 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). "Thinking from the point of view of city supply, the semi-arid region of the Northeast has the most chronic situation.But we have several other regions where we are on the brink of pressure on the supply relationship -request, "says the Director of Water Resources Planning of the National Water Agency (ANA), Sérgio Ayrimoraes
. has increased, and investments have not come to make the Sufficient water supply on demand, "says the Superintendent.According to the IBGE publication, between 2013 and 2017, almost half of the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities (48.6%) reported episodes of "In the Southeast or the South, we do not have this clbadic image of drought, herd without food, dry planting," he says.
Population Coordinator and Social Indicators from IBGE, Vânia Maria Pacheco. "But in these areas we have drought episodes, such as those resulting from the recent water crisis in São Paulo and Rio. "
This is the first time that the IBGE addresses the issue of droughts within municipal governments. and state. Therefore, there is no historical series to follow. But overall, according to Vânia, the environmental catastrophes evaluated in the surveys (besides drought, floods, erosion and landslides) are well distributed throughout the country. Although drought is the most common problem, 31% of municipalities recorded floods, 27.2% of floods, 19.6% of erosion and 15% of landslides.
Until last month, the federal government recognized the situation Among the states, for the tenth time in a row, the government of Rio Grande do Norte renewed in June the state of emergency caused by scarcity of water resources. According to the survey of the executive, every year of drought, the losses for the economy are about 4.3 billion reais. Of the 167 municipalities in Potiguar, 134 are in a state of emergency, recognized by the federal government.
In Ceará, Castanhão, the largest reservoir in the state, accounts for only 8.07% of its capacity. But it was worse in February, with 2.08%, when he reached dead volume.
São Paulo
The scarcity of rain is already felt in the lives of many people living in the interior of São Paulo. In Santa Cruz das Palmeiras a week ago that the water reaches the taps and is cut off by appointment. In the city, rationing began on the 28th. "We are going to clean up at night," says retired Maria Aparecida do Rosário. The reason is that every day from 8 am to 4 pm the water supply is interrupted. "It's complicated, it hurts people's lives."
Lack of water is also beginning to be felt in neighboring municipalities and the reason is the reduction in the index precipitation. Measurements from the Center for Applied Meteorological and Climatic Research (Cepagri) indicate that the region experienced below-average rainfall in the first six months of this year.
Based on the monitoring of the water supply of each region by the agency, ANA has created a mobile application that informs the user of the situation of the bowl in which it is. One of the ideas is that this information can be used by voters to be aware of the actual situation of each area and can gather appropriate proposals from candidates in the next elections
"Breakthrough"
The upsurge of episodes of scarcity Precipitation throughout the country are accompanied by scientists such as climatologist Carlos Nobre of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo (IEA-USP). "In the north-east, where there has always been a drought, the situation has become more critical, and now there are more frequent droughts even in the Amazon."
The great drought in the Northeast, which began in 2013 and is just beginning, is the longest and most intense drought in the region since the beginning of According to Carlos Nobre
The drought that occurred in the Southeast between 2014 and 2015, with a severe impact on water reservoirs, is also the largest and most widespread in the region. And north of Espírito Santo, where there was rarely a drought, it records recurring events since 2013.
"In the Amazon, where droughts were not frequent, where there was an episode every 15 years, rainfall intensifies, "says Nobre, who studies the region. "Suddenly, there have been three major droughts (2005, 2010 and 2015/6) in just 11 years.We can be near a break point, where the dry season becomes the longest," he notes. The information comes from the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo
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