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Elected in July with 53% of the vote, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, 65, takes office as President of Mexico on Saturday. Known in his country for the acronym AMLO, he breaks a succession of nine decades of conservative and centrist governments in the country by putting in power the left-wing party Movimento Regeneração Nacional (Morena).
AMLO's mandate runs until 2024. However, the new president has promised to convene a mid-term referendum to allow voters to decide whether he will complete the six-year term or not. its mandate. A woman sweeps the steps of the Mexican Congress in preparation for the inauguration of López Obrador to the presidency of Mexico – Photo: Carlos Jbadao / Reuters "A woman sweeps the steps of Congress to the Mexican, with a view to the" inauguration of Lopez Obrador in the Mexican Presidency – Photo: Carlos Jbadao / Reuters "src =" data: image / jpeg; base64 / 9d / 4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD / 2wBDAAMCAgMCAgMDAwMEAwMEBQgFBQQEBQoHBwYIDAoMDAsKCwsNDhIQDQ4RDgsLEBYQERMUFRUVDA8XGBYUGBIUFRT / 2wBDAQMEBAUEBQkFBQkUDQsNFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBT / wgARCAARABkDASIAAhEBAxEB / 8QAGQAAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAUEBgcD / 8QAGQEAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMBAgUG / 9oADAMBAAIQAxAAAAGBIqj2o0wDYewxJZA5fTqjgGz / AP / EAB4QAAEEAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBRMUFTQz / 9oACAEBAAEFAsHcnOJFshXHS2qmwrs2tnZvlPJnFrZYUf0b4R71 / 8QAGhEAAgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDEQAQIv / aAAgBAwEBPwHolmrIXMYo7 // EABcRAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABETL / 2gAIAQIBAT8BWA hvM8JpWioxAvrxgd5G0Tqt8QVrXlWOquHHl7SzVROhjO9ECDmTau3A tBOydk0fY / kWPLPUeT / xAAiEAACAQIFBQAAAAAAAAAAAAABESEAURAxgaGxQWFx0fD / 2gAIAQEAAT8humh8YA8p60EkTClvVEO4AyyWdQtcCdBwRBAoTELOiHJkBpAh5rvSOkHnhOQ2wqbUc1yuRX0rnD // 2gAMAwEAAgADAAAAEAynXf / EABkRAQEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAEUFRYf / aAAgBAwEBPxBVgV7juvZiU6i // 8QAGBEAAwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERMSH / 2gAIAQIBAT8QiUQrtG5g / 8QAHhABAQACAgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAREAITFBEFFhofD / 2gAIAQEAAT8QAMEMtgLxAh4uBc75uREUN60fdjivFcW5PYpHfiBvksYjqUsPgjgL1LBZSw8K8DrOkEl7JDkFDa7734sfr + mfX8gD / 9k = "/> A woman ba laye the steps of the Mexican Congress in the preparations for the inauguration of the House of Representatives of the United States of America and the United States of America. Taking office this Saturday, AMLO won the election with the promise of a government "austere, without luxury or privilege", of a flawless fight against corruption and that it preserve the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), initially threatened by Donald Trump, and then resumed in agreement.
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See the main challenges of AMLO in the presidency
And this year can still exceed this bar, because in the first quarter alone, Mexico recorded 7,667 violent deaths. The data represents an increase of 20% over the same period in 2017.
The violence also tarnished the election campaign, considered "the most violent" of recent years. Between September 2017, when the pre-campaign began, and until July 2018, 124 politicians were murdered. Of these, 29 were candidates and 18 candidates, according to the balance of the company and local vehicles, quoted by AFP.
Drugs: between cartels and liberation
The question of violence in Mexico goes through conflicts of more than a decade between Military cartels and drug traffickers – even these are fighting each other. In smaller groups, traffickers fight over roads and territories to sell narcotics.
It is estimated that more than 200,000 people have died since December 2006, when the government launched the military anti-drug operation, according to official figures that do not specify the number of cases related to terrorism. crime.
The AMLO platform however proposes a more liberal position to solve the problem in the country. In October, the then-president-elect recognized the legalization of certain drugs as part of a larger strategy to fight poverty and crime.
AMLO even said that it would seek to pay more farmers for corn, so to dissuade them from planting poppy seeds – the raw material of opium.
Flexibilisation. Marijuana laws were in fact debated even before the election victory of AMLO. In 2015, Mexican courts allowed the importation of a drug derived from cannabis for the treatment of an epileptic child
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Two more years the Mexican Congress approved the medical use of marijuana. In addition, in 2018, the Supreme Court of Mexico ruled that any citizen can apply for a license, the federal government may use marijuana for recreational purposes.
Trump, Immigration and Emigration
foreign policy, the main problem of the AMLO government is, of course, relations with the President of the United States, Donald Trump. Despite America's harsh rhetoric against Mexican illegal immigrants – whom it has described as rapists and traffickers – and the almost opposite political stance, relations between the two presidents have begun well.
The future AMLO government agreed to support Trump's plan to change border policy between the two countries. Under the new proposal, anyone wishing to seek refuge in the United States will have to wait in Mexico while the case is heard by US courts.
The question of migration is of interest to AMLO because, this year, Mexico has had to deal with caravans of migrants from Central American countries. Since October, this group has been trying to settle in the United States using the Mexican border.
Residents of Tijuana, Mexico, protest against the caravan of migrants – Photo: Rodrigo Abd / AP Photo
Migrants from countries like Guatemala Honduras and El Salvador have not always been well received in Mexico. If in the capital the government installed a large land to accommodate the caravan in Tijuana, a border town, the Mexicans protested against the presence of migrants.
If AMLO manages to take a firm stance with immigrants from other Latin American countries and continues to hinder Mexicans crossing the border with the United States, it is possible that the new Mexican president have an even better relationship with Trump.
- ANALYSIS: The migration issue unites Trump AMLO
However, the wall promised by the US president in the country The border with Mexico could make difficult the conversation between the two leaders. Indeed, Trump is not only in favor of the surrounding money, but also the obligation to pay the work of the neighbor.
In September, AMLO rejected this idea. "We are going to convince them that the problem of immigration is not solved by building walls or using force, but it is a diplomatic job of respect." We will not quarrel with the US government, we will not argue with President Donald Trump, "he said.
Mid Mexico City, Mexico – [Photo:RebeccaBlackwell/APPhoto
Economy and Dealing with Neighbors
Another challenge will be the engine of the economy. This is explained by the mistrust of the more conservative sectors of Mexico as to how they will act against the finances of a country that is expected to grow by 2.2% in 2018, according to IMF forecasts. .
The sectors to the right of Mexican politics, inclusively, consider AMLO "populist and chavis". The defeated candidate in elections, Ricardo Anaya, and the National Action Party (PAN), accused the opponent of wanting to turn Mexico into Venezuela.
In addition, the reformulation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – now the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) – seems to have played out in favor of the North American Free Trade Agreement. ; AMLO. The new Mexican president has sent a representative to negotiations with the neighbors in favor of the agreement. In October, the three countries of North America finally signed a new treaty.
AMLO even advocated the negotiation by writing a letter to Trump in which he notably called for the revision of NAFTA.The Mexican asked the US president an "effort to carry out the renegotiation" of the agreement, so to avoid "prolonging economic uncertainty"
Mexico believes that the negotiations with Trump are vital, since 80% of its exports are destined for the United States, its main trading partner López Obrador greet his supporters then that he arrives on Zocalo square Sunday (1) in Mexico City (Photo: Moises Castillo / AP Photo "title =" mexico – photo: Moises Castillo / AP photo "src =" data: image / jpeg; base64, / 9j / 4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD / 2wBDAAMCAgMCAgMDAwMEAwMEBQgFBQQEBQoHBwYIDAoMDAsKCwsNDhIQDQ4RDgsLEBYQERMUFRUVDA8XGBYUGBIUFRT / 2wBDAQMEBAUEBQkFBQkUDQsNFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBT / wgARCAASABkDASIAAhEBAxEB / 8QAGQAAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYDBAcF / 8QAFwEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEDBP / aAAwDAQACEAMQAAAB0LHlmrZVJORxGtIiCGhRXQJf / 8QAIBAAAgIBAwUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwQAAgEFEhQGEyIkMf / aAAgBAQABBQI / V + lLRp1Y7PicPLi / bcyUHsahuWrxSylcUK3jZHfk / 8QAGxEAAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAxEiMVH / 2gAIAQMBAT8BdLEkr6ODP // EABoRAAICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAxECEjH / 2gAIAQIBAT8Bwl1yTfCOXS21dj4I / 8QAKBAAAQMDAgMJAAAAAAAAAAAAAgABEQMSIQQiEzFREDM0YXGBscHw / 9oACAEBAAY / AjplVEpxDZtRFpxqPxtzcXHJHWct7la78mlePNE oquFQ5N9mcfnVMNEZ1qj9Ri1BpZhwInIehSu7 + + // FStZhkcx7obdszMeifzEfvs EAB4QAQACAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAEAESExYZFBUXGh / 9oACAEBAAE / ITXfGKvxC / HhTYbCs0tdRqbzJjK1us9S8sFpMsPTGxgqO2XbVVfbhALzVpTfwJzu4PhEwVcleBALCy87iecxR6n / 2gAMAwEAAgADAAAAEG / W4F / EAB0RAAICAQUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIUERMVFx4fD / 2gAIAQMBAT8Qe4OWQ1DG3aY9OJX1n // EAB4RAAIBAwUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABETFBcSFhgcHw / 9oACAECAQE / EFLco9cX5gRAtyemitkofrI // 8QAIBABAAICAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAREhADFBUWGRwdHw8f / aAAgBAQABPxA0OdrRkEUmnmuMXHiIOZNtyXyDA8jFgTEAZyhHEuFf5R9YYojPFM0whcsMkQOdw9MGHKqRujF6LYKJ1NkkQTes / ZfOLSEBicGY3QejHhzplqGNlFeMqpSt7bHtzxPWf // Z "/> López Obrador acena a apoiadores ao chegar na praça Zocalo neste domingo (1) na Cidade do México – Photo: Moises Castillo / AP Photo
Nasceu em 13 de n ovember of 1953 em Macuspana, no estado de Tabasco, no sul do país. E casado e pai de quatro filhos.
Formado em ciências políticas e administração pública, é velho conhecido da política mexicana. Militou our Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) – that governor o México interinterruptamente from 1929 to 2000 -, Partido da Revolução Democrática (PRD) and Frente Democrática Nacional, coalizão de esquerdae dissenting from PRI.
Faith prefeito da Cidade do México of 2000 até 31 de julho de 2005, when renunciou para começar a campanha presidencial nas elições de julho of 2006. AMLO concorreu pela Aliança pelo Bem de Todos (integrada por PRD, PT e Convergência).
Perdeu por uma margem muito pequena, menor do um ponto percentual, by Felipe Calderón, ligado ao Partido da Ação Nacional (PAN). To epoca, AMLO, that lasted a campanha era apontado como favorito, denunciou fraud eleitoral e manipulação of resultados.
Aquela faith considered in eleição but controversa do país. Durante semanas, protesters mexicanos acamparam no centro da capital, blocearam bancos, impediram a cobrança de pedágios nas estradas, paralisaram o tráfego na Cidade do México e enfrentaram a tropa de choque da polícia. The protests were diminished and the deputies that Justiça Eleitoral rejected or impugated afterwards by López Obrador were declared to vitória in Calderón.
AMLO voltou to concord with presidência nas eleições of 2012, pela coalizão Movimento Progressista. Perdeu para Enrique Peña Nieto, do PRI, that trazaia uma imagem moderna ao partido governou o país durante 71 anos e era criticado por um pbadado autoritário e corrupto. Peña Nieto faith eleito com 38,2% back votos, investigation Obrador ficou com 31,6%.
Em 2014, Fundo o Movimento Regeneração Nacional (Morena), um dos partidos but jovens do México. Nas eleições desse ano, o Morena juntou com como Partido do Trabalho (PT) e o Partido Encontro Social (PES) para formar a aliança Juntos Faremos História, who is promoted to candidate of Obrador.
AMLO chama seu movimento de "a quarta transformação do México" e compared to heróis nacionais como Benito Juárez (1806-1876), figura-chave na construção da República no seculo XIX.
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