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The arrival of winter generally increases the spread of influenza virus in the country: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 5 to 10% of adults and 20 at 30% of children are infected with viruses, as is the case of influenza. According to data published by the Ministry of Health, more than 3,500 cases of infection were recorded throughout Brazil between January and June 2018. The WHO still estimates that about 1.2 billion people tend to get the flu with complications.
Influenza viruses are clbadified into three types, types A and B responsible for seasonal epidemics and mild respiratory infections type C, with no major effects on public health. The best-known subtype is the H1N1 virus, also known as swine flu, which caused an outbreak in Brazil in 2009 and killed around 400 people in 2018.
Symptoms of different types are the same: high fever , cough, cough, sneeze, cough, sore throat and body aches. When it also causes shortness of breath, it can progress with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In such cases, antiviral treatment and molecular biology diagnosis are indicated. According to the Ministry of Health protocol for the treatment of influenza, early action with antivirals can reduce the duration of symptoms and the appearance of complications by the virus. Even so, the correct diagnosis is necessary for the treatment to be effective.
"A misdiagnosis, depending on the type of virus, can lead to respiratory complications such as pneumonia.In general, the course of influenza has a spontaneous resolution within seven days, although cough, Discomfort and fatigue may persist for a few weeks.Some cases may evolve with complications, with pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis and dehydration being the most common, "says Marcelo Ducroquet, an infectious disease specialist and professor of medicine. University Positivo (UP).
More comprehensive tests such as molecular biology, are able to detect and differentiate the major agents causing the flu. The Medical Advisor of the Clinical Laboratory of Albert Einstein Hospital and Medical Assistant of the Section of Molecular Biology of the Division of Central Laboratories of the Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo (FMUSP), André Mario Doi, explains that rapid and accurate diagnosis of the respiratory tract
"In positive cases, the introduction of a specific early therapy (use of antivirals) reduces mortality and the severity of the disease. molecular has a high sensitivity and allows the rapid and accurate diagnosis of respiratory infections of viral etiology. "
In addition to badisting in medical badysis, molecular diagnosis uses a more specific methodology that can differentiate different types of influenza into one test, and the result can be checked on the same day.
For the identification of infectious diseases, the use of molecular methods has yielded effective results: the tests carried out provide important epidemiological data, which often serve as a basis for public bodies to control the "species "and the viruses present in the country, in addition to conducting new studies and developing new vaccines, for example. "19659002" Some kits, such as the respiratory panel, can detect 21 pathogens among viruses and bacteria, in respiratory specimens, in a single reaction, among them, the viruses that cause the flu (Influenza A and B). Faced with an influenza picture, which can be caused by a wide variety of viruses other than the flu, the respiratory panel allows us to identify the likely agent that causes the disease, "says Dr. André Doi [19659009]. Commercial methods allow the detection not only of influenza, but also of other respiratory viruses common in winter, such as respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, etc.
Fundamental for monitoring the genetic changes of influenza viruses. the infectious agent and thus allows the proper use of drugs. "Another problem that comes to us from misdiagnosis is the indication of incorrect medications that could lead to hospitalizations and complications that could be avoided," concludes Ducroquet. .
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