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All were intoxicated with nickel and half had high blood levels of arsenic. Most had skin problems and breathing difficulties. It was the first diagnosis in this sense in a population victim of the tragedy of Mariana.
The limited scope of the study lies in the fact that it was conducted by a social organization, the Health and Sustainability Institute (ISS), with limited resources.
At the time, ISS pointed out that, considering the reduction of the sample, it was not possible to establish a causal link between the mud that was invading the city and the drunkenness of the inhabitants, but recommended to conduct further and in-depth studies to verify whether there was widespread contamination of the population of Barra Longa.
The petition was reiterated by the Federal Prosecutor's Office (MPF), which sent letters to Renova – the foundation set up by mining company Samarco to deal with the social and environmental damage caused by the dam breaking – and to the health municipality and the state of Minas Gerais.
However, nearly a year later, there is still no information on the health status of the population of Barra Longa. Given the diagnosis of contamination and the refusals of Renova and the Barra Longa Health Secretariat to carry out tests in the population that are not included in the study, some people have turned to laboratories private.
Some of those who proved to be contaminated s receive sporadic financial badistance from Renova for the purchase of medicines and consultations with a medical specialist. Others still do not receive any badistance from the foundation.
However, not all are recognized as being affected by the disaster, but as an "indirect blow" – which means in practice that they have the smallest margin to blame society for the economic damage and the physical and mental health caused by the disaster. disturbance.
Renova states that "as there is no evidence to date of a causal link between the results of the study and the failure of the Fundão dam, people are considered indirectly affected. "
"The Foundation stresses that any damage to the health of the population with a proven connection to the breakup will be taken into account and dealt with in the process of reparation."
Victims – who will need medical follow-up until the end of their days – are however concerned that the slowness of the measures taken to investigate health in the municipality does not facilitate the evidence of 39, a causal link and be neglected.
The experts also argue that in such an environmental disaster, the burden of proof would be on the mining company responsible for the damage caused by the dam failure – in other words, it would be up to it to prove the damage. 39, alleged absence of causation. .
"She was a baby when the mud came"
Sofya Marques was diagnosed. She was four years old on December 29 and less than a year old when, at dawn on November 6, 2015, mud from the Mariana region invaded the city.
For years, she regularly takes antiallergics, corticosteroids and bronchodilators to relieve the rashes that constantly appear on the skin – what her mother, Simone Silva, called "the sands" – and her breathing problems.
Sofya feels severe pain in the legs, for which there is still no diagnosis.
Barra Longa was the only urban agglomeration invaded by iron ore residues and the only place where people stayed at home for cleaning and of reconstruction carried out by the mining company.
The situation is very different from that observed in Bento Rodrigues, Paracatu de Baixo and Gesteira, which were completely destroyed by the avalanche of mud. The inhabitants of the three districts are currently distributed by Mariana and its surroundings in houses rented by the Renova Foundation.
Barra Longa, which has 6,000 inhabitants, became the workplace of a contingent of between 800 and 1,000 workers. And that, in turn, circulated in a fleet of heavy vehicles that, as reported by the inhabitants, raised a lot of dust.
The inhabitants of Barra Longa complain about repairs f The fact that the population has continued to be in contact with the mud, to be exposed by inhalation – respirable dust -, digestive and through contact with mud. the skin leaves her in a situation of great vulnerability, said Evangelina Vormittag, technical director of the Health and Sustainability Institute.
There is still no official information on the chemical composition of the tailings that occurred in Barra Longa and airborne particles in the affected area. According to Samarco, the dam dam at Fundão Dam was inert – however, it is unclear whether it may have incorporated other materials on the way to the municipality, 60 km from Mariana.
Renova indicates that a human health risk badessment study funded by a foundation began in July 2018 and that the first step, lasting approximately eight months, is in progress. Development course in Mariana, Barra Longa and Linhares (ES). The final results of the research in these regions should be reported in March.
"The Foundation also informs that it always monitors the air quality in the municipality and that the current results respect the parameters required by the Brazilian legislation."
"Mud dust on the curtains would appear on the bed.The sidewalk in front of my house was torn two or three times," says Rosana Maria Faustino, a resident of Rua 1º de Janeiro, one of the main Long bar.
In March of last year, after learning the diagnosis of contamination given to some residents of the city, she decided to take the child to be examined.
When the disaster occurred, Bruno, then 12, was among those who spent several days in contact with the mud trying to clean the city as much as possible.
Mud Avalanche arrived at Barra "He came all over the place, I had to throw away all his clothes," she said.
The boy had a severe ringworm that left marks all over his body – and so Rosana was worried about being contaminated. Faced with the Renova Foundation's refusal to badume the costs of the examination and the unsuccessful attempts to pbad the procedure by the SUS, she spent about R $ 400 to perform a minerogram in a laboratory of the municipality of Ponte Nova – who has not yet investigated. the presence of nickel in the blood.
The result indicated that the young man's zinc was slightly lower than the baseline level observed in most study participants, except for the presence of mercury, cadmium and arsenic in the blood but below minimum level of reference.
At the request of the report, the health department of the municipality did not show up and the Ministry of Health declared that "there was no refusal of To carry out the necessary tests to patients and families affected by the dam failure "and that a field epidemiological study dubbed EpiSUS, is being carried out among the local population, on a sample of 250 residents.
Periodic Medical Follow-up
Doctors who diagnosed a contamination at Sofya warned Simone that the girl should undergo periodic clinical follow-up forever and be aware of potential organ problems due to the condition. accumulation of metals.
Experts from the Children's Institute in São Paulo, a partner of the Institute for Health and Sustainable Development, suggested that the family leave the city – which, according to Simone , is not an option.
Currently unemployed, she taught art in a public school of the municipality of Acaiaca, where she was receiving a salary of about R $ 400 per month.
Most school teachers are hired on a temporary basis , from February to December – according to a program called "designation". This means that they are disabled at the end of each school year and that they must claim the position again the following year. Simone is in the middle of this process and she hopes to return to school.
The husband, who was working in an avalanche-destroyed rations factory from Mariana, is also looking for work. Since the arrival of mud in Barra Longa, the relationship with Renova is difficult.
Shortly after the disaster, when the symptoms appeared, before the difficulty of marking it.
The tragedy of Mariana killed 19 people, completely destroyed three districts and left thousands homeless – Photo: Felipe Werneck / ASCOM- At a consultation conducted by the unified health system ( SUS), Simone went to a private doctor in Ponte Nova, 60 km from Barra Longa, where many residents were referred.
It is the immunologist who, in September 2016, signed the report stating that the girl had skin allergies and breathing difficulties due to exposure to ore dust that has invaded Barra Longa.
Renova had asked the document to release the payment of part of Sofya's treatment, ongoing since June 2017.
Little has changed since the diagnosis of contamination was proven. She repeatedly asked Renova to have a larger counterpart – especially when her eldest son, Davidy, 16, was also diagnosed with heavy metals in the body – but was always refused.
For the mother, the girl's treatment goes beyond drugs and sporadic consultation with the specialist funded by the foundation. Sofya takes more baths than children of the same age, for example, to try to relieve the discomfort caused by allergies in the body. The household water bill is therefore high.
"Because of the amount of medication that she takes, she sometimes does not want to eat." I'm trying to buy something to please a yogurt.
At the time of the rupture of the dam at Brumadinho, on January 25, Simone was in the office of one of the companies hired by Renova to ask for the emergency card to which the persons concerned are entitled .
"This was to be delivered to us in 2015 (at the time of the disaster) What the company did was close the door and leave us outside in the sun."
Protest February 5: The Renova Foundation does not serve the residents of Barra Longa – Photo: Card / Simone Silva
Renova provides emergency financial badistance An amount of a minimum wage to persons considered affected by the dam break. As Sofya is not considered to be concerned, she would not be allowed to participate in the program.
The case of the girl was finally discussed by chance during a meeting held at the office of the Attorney General of the Republic of Minas Gerais on November 27, 2018, at which Simone was present as a representative of the Commission of the affected people of Barra Longa.
According to the minutes of the meeting, to which the BBC News Brasil had access, the professor of the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Tatiana Ribeiro, wondered why Sofya did not want to see it. was not considered struck, since a disease
as "indirectly touched" and therefore receives medical treatment, but "is not eligible for financial badistance".
"Proposed References Regarding the Recognition of Sofya as Affected, Unqualified, as well as Specific Medical Treatments, Dr. Viviane stated that the subject was not on the agenda of the meeting and that the Renova Foundation did not agree with any reference at this time. "says the text.
Evangelina Vormittag, who was also present at the meeting, reminded the BBC News Brazil report that studies conducted so far do not establish a causal link between disaster and disease of the population, but badert that the mining company's burden of proof – that, in the face of Samarco's responsibility for the dismantling of the dam, it should prove that there is no link between Contamination of the inhabitants of Barra Longa and mud.
It was also a highlight of Tatiana Ribeiro, UFOP Professor, at the meeting (see below, in What the Law says). "This (the current situation) is very cruel (with the victims)," says the doctor.
"His son must pbad the exam, he is not well"
No caso of Andrea Domingos, a contaminação faith reportada não apenas our exames de sangue, mas também nos de urina Ela faith incluída no estudo do ISS junto do filho , Nicolas, that hoje tem três anos.
"Had fled to find that filho tava com esse problema from the moment that Evangelina faith na minha casa e disse:" Andrea, o Nicolas precisa fazer esse exame. Seu filho não está bem & # 39 ;. "
Ambos foram diagnosados com meta pesados no organismo, mas nenhum dos gesre recebe auxílio da mineradora para realizar o tratamento.
Para pleitear uma contrapartida financira, ela havia sido instruída a realizar um cadastro na Renova – o que ela fez: Meses depois, porém, a fundação ainda não fez qualquer contato.
"Eles dizem pra gente:" Quanto but você ficar na porta, ninguém vai ser indenizado & # 39; . Então eu fico no meu canto, porque eu não gosto de me expor demais, e por causa do meu filho também. "
Mãe of very filhos, Andrea trabalha há cinco meses como cuidadora de idosos and ganha R $ 500 por mÃs. Ela teve um AVC após o disaster, toma remedios para pressão e medicamentos para aplacar uma series of sintomas that vão de diarreia, dores de cabeça e nas articulações a uma coceira forte na sola dos pés e na palma das mãos, "principalmente depois que o corpo esfria "
Nicolas fica constantemente gripado, tem alergia our olhos e, com frequência, bolinhas vermelhas nas bochechas.Andrew Andrea was como pode para pagar os medicamentos, parcela a conta na farmácia, mas às vezes não e suficiente." It has been discovered that it is precisely tomar zinco. Quem pagou o remedio pra mim faith to dra. Evangelina ", conta
Between 11 participants of estudo, 10 apresentaram diminuição important our zinc nevi, that took part of a series of processos bioquímicos do corpo, da síntese and degradação de carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas ao funcionamento adequado do sistema imunológico.
Tanto sua redução quanto seu excesso são um problema para a saúde. Uma das hipóteses para a diminuição da absorção do zinco é sua interação com o níquito. O relatório do ISS destaca, porém, que essa questão deve be investigada.
Andrea mora na parte alta da cidade – "tão alta que era aqui que os bombeiros vinham pra ver a magnitude do tinha acontecido".
"Dava muito redemoinho aqui em Barra Longa when a lama come to secar", ela diz, resaltando that até hoje há muita poeira na cidade. "Você pbaded a pano na casa sai e um pó escuro, diferente da terra que vinha antes."
Andrea esteve duas vezes em São Paulo para realizar os exames pedidos pelo ISS e prepares para voltar neste ano. Alem do check-up, el vai realizar um tratamento cujo nome não lembra, mas that lhe faith prescripo por that has contaminação, no caso dela, faith detectada também our exames of urina.
"Eu não quis colocar meu filho em evidência, mas, agora, como a coisa já tá indo numa proporção, eu falei:" Eu não vou ficar but calada, porque had tenho meus direitos como mãe e como atingida Nós não pedimos pra essa barragem romper e vir pra cá. "
Tatiana Ribeiro, professora do Departamento de Direito da UFOP, affirmed that não exists no Brasil um marco regulatório para pessoas atingidas por barragens, mas resalta that has clbadification of "atingido indireto" não tem fundamento legal.
In conformity with the Direito Ambiental, o existem são danos diretos e indiretos. "Mas não exists alguém menos or but atingido."
"Todo mundo é atingido, desde alguém que perdeu a casa até o dono de uma loja of pesca material that deixou to sell porche ninguém but pesca no rio", it has been especialista, that acompanha has situação dos atingidos pelo rompimento da Damagem desde o dia do desastre, através do Grupo de Estudos and Pesquisas Socioambientais (Gepsa).
O caso da saúde, el accescenta, é ainda but delicado, já que é regido, sob o Direito Ambiental, pelo "princípio da precaução" – em that, roughly, diante of uma incerteza científica, deve-protect itself Vítima.
The main principle is that of decorating, or inversão do ônus da prova destacado por ela na reunião organizada pelo MPF. Esse understands the fact that there have been some disasters in the world, and that these are some of the most difficult things to do in order to defend themselves – na linguagem jurídica, as vítimas são hipossuficientes.
A argumentação não teria sido usada ainda de forma litigiosa no caso da Barra Longa porque o processo está em fase de conciliação – or seja, o MPF expèe o that has borrowed deveria fazer e, caso não haja resolução, o processo é encaminhada to Justiça.
O prazo para que esta aconteça, por sua vez, é incerto, porque o caso do município mineiro está incluído no processo de reparação de toda a extensão da bacia do Rio Doce – a lama percorreu 600 km. In addition, there is no need for independent evaluation of the technical aspects of the project, which must be carried out by the process of reparations of the country.
It was noted that, in 2016, the Fundação Renova tem sido alvo de denúncias de violações de direitos humanos em organismos internacionais como a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos and Comissão de Direitos Humanos da ONU. Por ora, essas entidades têm is limited to observar a situação porque a questão ainda está em juízo no Brasil.
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