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A study by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea) reveals that 23% (two out of ten) of young Brazilians do not work and do not study, they are called young nem-nem. Most of these people are low-income women
. This figure corresponds to one of the highest percentages of young people in this situation among nine countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. The remaining 49% are exclusively for education or training, 13% work only and 15% work and study at the same time.
The reasons for the large percentage of young people no longer according to the study, there are problems of cognitive and socio-emotional skills, d & # 39; lack of public policies, family obligations to parents and children, etc.
In addition to Brazil, Mexico is present, with 25% of young people who do not study. neither work, and El Salvador, with 24%. Chile is at the other extreme, where only 14% of young people surveyed are in this situation.
The average for the region is 21% of young people, the equivalent of 20 million people, who do not study or work.
The study "The millennial generation in America and the Caribbean: a job or studies?" on Latin American youth was launched Monday (3) at a seminar organized in Ipea in Brasilia (DF). The data includes more than 15,000 young people aged 15 to 24 in nine countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.
Nem-nem
research, although the term used can not induce the idea that young people are inactive and unproductive, considering all the countries studied, 31% of young people do not even look for especially men. "
" that is to say that, contrary to the established conventions, this study proves that most nor-nor are not young without obligations, but they perform other productive activities, "says Dr.
Only 3% of them do not perform any of these tasks and do not suffer from a disability that prevents them from working or studying.
According to Ipea researcher Joana Costa, The results are very optimistic because they show that young people are not lazy
But it is young people who have access to poor quality education and who therefore have difficulties in the labor market. managers and public policies need to examine them a little more
Joana Costa, researcher at Ipea
Public policies
Improvement of services, subsidies for transportation and a greater supply of daycares, so q that women can reconcile work and study with housework, are policies that can be implemented even in the short term, according to Joana
On the basis of this information, the researchers also stressed the need to: invest in training and education and suggest measures to help young people make the transition from their studies to the labor market
Given the levels of uncertainty and disinformation on the labor market, it would be essential for strengthening work orientation and information systems and continuity of policies to reduce the constraints on youth training, with programs such as Pronatec (National Access Program); in technical education and employment)
"Conditional transfer programs and scholarships have yielded good results in terms of coverage ", indicates the study
. According to IPEA, the private sector can also contribute to improving the skills and employability of young people by enrolling in apprenticeship programs and by encouraging the development of the socio-emotional skills required by employers, such as self-confidence, self-reliance and self-reliance. leadership and teamwork.
In Brazil, for example, according to data presented by Ipea, the program for young apprentices is poorly followed. From 2012 to 2015, the number of young participants reached 1.3 million, but that is the annual potential of eligible youth.
Further efforts are needed to significantly reduce the rate of early pregnancy and
Knowledge and Skills
Opportunities for access to education, the average number of years of education, socio-economic status and other elements, such as early parenthood or the family environment, are among the main factors that influence young people's decision to work and study, according to the research. In all countries, the prevalence of early childhood or paternity is higher among young people outside the education system and the labor market.
The survey introduces less conventional variables such as the information available to young people about the functioning of the labor market. young people do not have enough information about the compensation they may receive at each level of schooling, which could lead them to make bad decisions regarding investing in their education. In the case of Haiti and Mexico, this fraction of young people whose information is insufficient can exceed 40%.
Research also indicates that 40% of young people are unable to perform very simple mathematical calculations useful for their daily lives and many lack technical skills for the new job market
but the results are also encouraging. Young people badyzed, with the exception of Haitians, are very easy to handle with technological devices, but also have strong socio-emotional abilities.
Young people in the area have a high degree of self-esteem and self-efficacy, which is the ability to organize themselves to succeed. their own goals and perseverance.
According to research, delays in cognitive abilities are important and may limit the professional performance of young people, as well as the lack of other relevant socio-emotional characteristics such as leadership, teamwork and training. responsibility. This is in addition to the fact that 70% of young workers work in informal activities.
Among those in the formal market, the turnover rate of the workforce is high, which discourages the labor force. investment of the employer in training.
The Brazilian Reality
In Brazil, there are about 33 million young people aged 15 to 24, which corresponds to more than 17% of the population. According to Enid Rocha, a researcher at Ipea, the country is experiencing a demographic bonus moment, when the active population is larger than the dependent population, composed of children and elderly, in addition to being part of a young wave, which constitutes the top of the young population.
It is a time when countries seize the opportunity to invest in their youth. We must resume the discussion on youth policies, which have already been expanded, so as not to produce more inequality and prevent our demographic premium from becoming a burden
Enid Rocha, Researcher in Ipea
] In addition to the indications in the study, Enid stresses the importance of specific health policies for youth with mental health problems, trauma and depression.
The research was conducted in partnership with Ipea and Fundación Espacio Público, Chile. Research Center for International Development (IRDC), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with support from the International Policy Center for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG)
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