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According to experts, hepatitis A is the most prevalent in Brazil. According to the Instituto Trata Brasil, 4 million Brazilians do not have access to the bathroom, and less than half of the country's population (48.6%) lives in a street without
More: SP roads offer a free test against hepatitis C
The relationship between the prevalence of hepatitis A and the lack of basic sanitation is simple.
According to the infectiologist Mario Gonzales, of the Paulista Society of Infectious Diseases, the hepatitis A virus is found in feces, responsible for the transmission of the disease through contaminated water, but the contamination is due to the ingestion of water. "The feces of a sick person can contaminate the water that is going to be consumed and end up infecting another person in good health."
The contagion depends more on the sanitary conditions of the place than on the amount of water ingested. The infectiologist Alberto Chebabo, of the Society of Infectious Diseases of Rio de Janeiro, explains that even during an immersion in an infected river or lake, it can happen that a person swallows contaminated water and eventually become infected with the hepatitis A virus.
Contagion increases the number of cases of the disease throughout Brazil, particularly in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, who have been facing an epidemic since last year.
According to data from the São Paulo Department of Health in 2017 911 cases of hepatitis A have been reported throughout the state, including 694 in the capital
See also: 12 000 cases of Hepatitis recorded in Rio de Janeiro until June 19659002] Although less common, hepatitis A can also be transmitted through badual intercourse, especially in men. In general, hepatitis A is benign, but in some cases it can progress to fulminant hepatitis, which causes liver failure and can lead to death.
"But these are rare cases. In general, the body itself clears the virus in about 30 days. The treatment is only used to relieve symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. "
Hepatitis A can be prevented by a vaccine that has no contraindications.The doses are available in the unified health system across Brazil for children between 15 months and 5 years incomplete. In the state of São Paulo, men who have bad with men can also receive the vaccine for free under the SUS.Vaccine can also be found in private clinics.
Hepatitis B is transmitted badually
Each type of hepatitis is caused by one type of virus, so each has a different form of contamination, evolution, and treatment.
Transmission of hepatitis B does not occur by ingestion, but by the mucous membranes, badually or by blood.This is because the virus enters the bloodstream, saliva, sperm and badl secretions.
As the virus can stay long to the outside of the body, i It is common for contagion to occur with the aid of piercing instruments such as nail claws and unsterilized needles.
Transmission can also occur from mother to child, during pregnancy, during delivery, or during badfeeding. Hepatitis B can manifest in the body in different ways: acute, chronic or fulminant. The chronic form has no cure but the treatment can help control the disease.
The disease can be prevented by the vaccine, which is available on the public network for children and adults of all ages.
Hepatitis C is the most lethal
Although hepatitis A is the one that infects the most people, it is hepatitis C that has the highest number of deaths. According to the Ministry of Health, between 2000 and 2015, more than 46,000 people died as a result of the disease.
Contamination occurs mainly through contaminated blood. Therefore, it can also be transmitted by sharp objects such as nippers, syringes and needles.
"Blood transfusion is now rare. It was more common until the early 1990s, when tests for hepatitis B and other diseases in the blood collected were not yet available before Be available in blood banks, "explains Chebabo. B, C can also manifest itself in chronic form and, in many cases, it does not show symptoms. The patient discovers that he has the disease when complications begin to appear, when the liver begins to be compromised because of cirrhosis or liver cancer.
If discovered before that, hepatitis C has a cure. "Three years ago, the treatments caused significant side effects, but with the evolution of drugs, it is now possible to treat the disease with a quality of life," says infectiologist Mario Gonzales [[] 19659022]. terminal, the possibility of healing is liver transplantation, which can also be used to treat hepatitis A or B that develops into fulminant form.
There is no vaccine that can protect the body against hepatitis C. [19659002] Learn how to prevent diseases in the beauty salon:
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