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Pregnant women exposed to high levels of air pollution – even for a short time – are much more likely to suffer a miscarriage than those who breathe fresh air, according to a study from the University of Utah published in the United States. last month in the scientific journal "Fertility and Sterility".
The results show that high levels of a pollutant called Nitrogen Dioxide (NO²) increase the risk of miscarriage by 16%. Produced by burning fossil fuels, NO² is a gas present in many polluted places of the world.
In Brazil, NO2 contamination reaches several urban centers – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Salvador – according to the Institute's air quality platform. Energy and the environment.
Previous studies have already badyzed the risk of miscarriage in cases of prolonged exposure to pollution. But this is the first time a study has been published with a short exposure badysis.
"I noticed an apparent trend between loss pregnancy and air quality and decided to investigate thoroughly, "said Matthew Fuller, one of the authors of the study, when it was released in December.
In fact, says Fuller, breathing heavily polluted air for a short period of time during the first trimester of pregnancy creates the same risk of losing the baby as smoking tobacco.
The survey was an badysis of abortion cases between 2007 and 2015 and involved 1,300 women from the US state of Utah. The researchers looked at the risk of miscarriage within three to seven days after the peak concentrations of air pollutants in the region.
But, according to the authors of the studies, the results could be valid for other sites.
"The problems we face here are not unique: as the population grows, air pollution will become a major problem in both the United States and developing countries," Fuller said. .
The search was carried out in such a way that the same women were badyzed at different times (a type of study called cross-over), so that it was possible to exclude Other factors related to the risk of loss of the baby, such as the age of the mother. example.
In badyzing retrospective cases, the survey was unable to badyze the age of the fetus at the time of the abortion; it was therefore not possible to indicate when the fetus was more vulnerable to pollution.
Researcher Claire Leiser, who coordinated the study, acknowledges that the results are a close portrait of the problem and indicates that the issue requires further badysis.
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