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Reduce global consumption of red meat and sugar; double the consumption of fruits, vegetables and vegetables; that the agriculture and livestock sectors cease to emit carbon dioxide and significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; limit the use of water and not increase land use; reduce food waste by 50% … Here are some of the recipes needed to preserve "global health". Under this term, the scientific journal The Lancet encompbades "the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends."
The planet has a problem: the unsustainable consumption model began to develop from the Second World War. "It is urgent to radically transform the global food system," warns an international panel of 37 experts from 16 countries, grouped in the EAT-Lancet commission, who worked for three years developing a model healthy diet for men and men.
Johan Rockström, one of the commission's coordinators and a member of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Change Research, speaks of a "new agricultural revolution". "Global food production threatens climate stability and ecosystem resilience," warns the EAT-Lancet commission. And if now, with more than seven billion people on the planet, it is already necessary "urgently" to promote a radical transformation of the system, this task will be all the more urgent as the l '. Population growth is predicted for the next decades. The report focuses on the year 2050, when the Earth is expected to reach 10 billion people. The good news is that these experts predict that it will be possible to feed all these people, but that the diet and production model must undergo profound changes to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement and to Other commitments in the fight against climate change. It is estimated that these changes in the diet would prevent about 11 million premature deaths related to food each year.
Although there is a "food disparity" according to countries and geographical areas, for example in Indonesia and West Africa, very large quantities are consumed. Reduced meat and dairy, unlike what is happening in North America – the expert report reveals that the average global consumption of red meat, starchy vegetables (high in carbohydrates such as potatoes) and & 39 39 – – eggs is too high. The commission proposes an ideal diet of 2,500 kilocalories a day and suggests that only 30 of them come from meat other than poultry, which would consume for example a small beef burger a week. The overall goal is to double the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts and to halve the consumption of red meat and sugar. At present, and especially in Western countries, the consumption of red meat and processed and refined foods is excessive, resulting in greater health risks than those caused by non-badual intercourse. protected, alcohol, drugs and tobacco combined, according to the report.
Great changes
"There is a distance between what we eat and what to eat," summarizes Francisco Botella, a member of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and nutrition. He explains that a healthy diet would reduce on the one hand the rate of obesity and badociated diseases, such as diabetes, arterial problems and hypercholesterolemia, and on the other hand on the other hand, reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as World Health Organization (WHO) badociated with red meat and processed. "What do we need to potentiate?" Fish, vegetables, dried legumes, whole grains favor the consumption of nuts as an alternative and, in practice, reserve meat for special occasions ", summarizes the endocrinologist, very favorable to the position of the study. However, he warns of the difficulties badociated with changing habits: "It is more difficult to switch from a diet to a religion".
At the same time, experts are proposing changes to reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock on the environment, which would include increased use.
Sonja Vermeulen, one of the experts of EAT-Lancet and a member of the Hoffmann Center and WWF, is optimistic: "We have witnessed tremendous changes in the global regime in the past , then a change is possible in the future ". And he cites as an example the success of Mexico with the adoption of taxes to reduce the consumption of soft drinks. She believes that changes in diets can be more "complex" than those needed in the food production model. "Many farmers are interested in looking for ways to optimize their production, for example by using fertilizers and irrigation more accurately, as this also improves their profits," said Vermeulen. Governments and economic agents, "said Francesco Branca, director of the Department of Nutrition, Health and Development of WHO, and also a member of the EAT-Lancet commission.To this end, tools such that "the economic incentives, or the elimination of these incentives, the information of the consumers …" should be used.The governments, he adds, must modify "the public investments in the research and infrastructure and subsidies to farmers. "And to approve regulations on the use of land, water and fertilizers, he concludes.
The forgotten menu of the Mediterranean
Francesco Branca, director of the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization, is optimistic when you look back. "We have concrete experiences on the viability of these diets in many r world's souls. In Europe, the diet consumed in the 1960s around the Mediterranean was largely similar to what we now describe as a healthy and sustainable diet. "
Branca is one of the experts who participated in the EAT-Lancet Report Committee released now." We are currently increasing our consumption of red meat, saturated fats and sugar, and we are reducing the consumption of He added that he expects a reversal of this trend thanks to economic incentives. "Jesús Román, Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Society of Dietetics and Food Science agrees that the proposal of the experts is nothing more than the popular Mediterranean diet Román however warned that even in the countries of this region, there was a problem of application: "The Mediterranean diet that we know well. In Spain, it had its heyday from the 1950s to the 1970s, then people started to have more money and to eat more packaged goods. "
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