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What is the connection between a coffee and a quantum computer?
Some of the effects of coffee are known, such as making the brain more alert or increasing the acidity of the stomach, but we are still far from being able to calculate everything that a molecule has to offer. a substance produced in the body.
That's where quantum computers come in. With a much higher processing power than traditional computers, these supermachines will help solve complex problems such as the operation of specific chemical compounds – which could be a revolution in the industry and the manufacture of drugs – and even the risks of a complex financial investment.
For the first time, IBM launched one for commercial and scientific purposes at the CES electronics show. Access to the supermachine is sold to companies.
The so-called Q System One has already been purchased, among others, by the oil company Exxon Mobil and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), the body responsible for the particle accelerator of the LHC.
The quantum computer is not sold online and is not delivered in less than 2 business days: it is used in the cloud by companies that need more power from calculation to perform calculations and very specific surveys.
" It is possible that we may have progress in the field of chemistry in here 10 or 15 years to find a cure for a disease today without heal.In the financial market, it will be possible to create more precisely a mathematical model of the world that will help mitigate the risks of investing, "said Robert Sutor, vice president of quantum research at IBM.
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The large structure around the small chip allows to guarantee very specific operating conditions, such as the absence of noise and electrical oscillation, as well as temperatures as low as zero Kelvin, absolute zero or -273 ° C.
One of these properties is called the superposition . between 0 or 1, the quantum computer can use sup to make a mathematical combination between 0 and 1, something difficult to understand intuitively. This allows the computer to take shortcuts and perform faster calculations.
Another quantum feature is the entanglement also a phenomenon of quantum mechanics, which allows a qubit to exert an instant effect on the other qubits of the system, which further speeds up the calculations.
The quantum computer needs very specific conditions for its operation, such as low temperatures and electrical oscillations low. A quantum algorithm should perform 10,000 operations to find a name in a directory of 100 million names, by comparison, a typical binary computer should generate 50 million names.
The IBM Q system has a processing capacity of 20 bits, and experts say that it will be a quantum computer. hundreds of qubits to start seeing a revolution happen. The launch of now is therefore a step and not a big step forward.
But technology also raises concerns: increased processing capacity may threaten, for example, all the cryptography we have today to protect banks, financial transactions, and other information.
In the United States, lawmakers have already stated that the country must take the lead in efforts to create security systems resistant to quantum computers.
IBM's Sutor claims that, unlike traditional bits, the quality of qubits is important: the company's concern now is to add quality, not quantity to Q System One.
"People will learn more about qubits from here until 2019. It's not a question of quantity, but of quality." They are built in such a way that having 4,000 bad qubits is not better than having 20 or 50 very good qubits, "he said.
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